EXAM 1 - Psych

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

Knowledge derived from observation, study, and experimentation

Question 2

Psychology

Answer 2

Science of behavior and mental processes

Question 3

Structuralism

Answer 3

• BREAKDOWN BEHAVIOR into small elements of experience
• Focus on contents of mental processes rather than their function

Wilhem Wundt

Question 4

Analytic Introspection

Answer 4

Attend carefully to sensations and experiences then report them
-“break it down”

Question 5

Functionalism

Answer 5

Focus on CONSEQUENCES of behavior and mental processes

William James

Question 6

ID

Components of Personality:

Answer 6

Seeks immediate gratification
- You want it > you get it = you don’t care about consequences

Question 7

Ego

Components of Personality:

Answer 7

Seen by others
- care about what others think = correlates ID and Superego

Question 8

Superego

Components of Personality:

Answer 8

“conscience”

Question 9

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 9

Structuralism
Analytic Introspection
Voluntarism
Founders of Psych

Question 10

William James

Answer 10

Functionalism
Founders of Psych

Question 11

Sigmund Freud

Answer 11

Psychodynamic Theory
Components of Personality

Question 12

John B. Watson

Answer 12

Behaviorism

Question 13

B.F. Skinner

Answer 13

Behaviorism
Reinforcement and Punishment
Operant Conditioning Chamber

Question 14

Abraham Maslow

Answer 14

Humanism
Hierarchy of needs
Motivating behavior

Question 15

Gesagt Psychology

Answer 15

The whole is different than the sum of its parts
* Context matters
* A song piece

Question 16

Psychodynamic Theory

Answer 16

Focus on how mental processes influence behavior

Sigmund Freud

Question 17

Behaviorism

Answer 17

All behaviors are learned through the interactions of the environment

Question 18

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 18

The potential for good that is innate to all humans

Maslow, Rogers

Question 19

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 19

Focus on understanding the workings of the mind

Question 20

Psychological Perspectives:
Biological Psychology
(Neuroscience)

Answer 20

Effects of genetics, physiology, and biology on behavior and mental processes

Question 21

Psychological Perspectives:
Social Psychology

Answer 21

How we are affected by others

Question 22

Psychological Perspectives:
Cognitive Psychology

Answer 22

Process of thinking; thinking pattens

Question 23

Psychological Perspectives:
Developmental Psychology

Answer 23

How we change overtime

Question 24

Psychological Perspectives:
Clinical Psychology

Answer 24

Psychological disorders and well-being
-Diagnosis and treatment
-Consider other perspectives

Question 25

Psychological Perspectives: Individual Differences

Answer 25

Psychological characteristics that distinguish each person from another and help define each person individually

Question 26

Applied Research

Answer 26

Behavioral Medicine : Do research > then apply Ex: Develop programs to stop smoking Forensic: Legal research Industrial / organizational: work places Ex: Evaluate work performance

Question 27

Basic Research

Answer 27

For the goal of knowing Useful in the future

Question 28

Human Services

Answer 28

-Clinical Psychologists : Specialized training in assessment treatment -Psychotherapists -School Psychologists

Question 29

Hypothesis

Answer 29

TESTABLE prediction implied by theory *tells us how to collect data Ex: Students with test anxiety will do worse in math

Question 30

Theory

Answer 30

Explains and predicts behavior and mental processes Ex: Test anxiety affects math performance

Question 31

Surveys/ Questionnaires

Answer 31

*No causation *Easy *Gather data from larger samples *People may not give accurate responses *Can generalize but not a lot

Question 32

Interview

Answer 32

Individuals asked a series of questions *no causation

Question 33

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 33

Observation without intervention; observe natural environment *Observer bias *people act different when watched *difficult to set and control *expensive, time consuming

Question 34

Case Study

Answer 34

When they focus on one person or just a few individuals *can't generalize *more valuable observations *very specific cases (conjoined twins)