EXAM 5 - PSYCH

Question 1

Biological / Physiological

Answer 1

• Genetics
• Brain abnormalities
• Chemical abnormalities
  *Neurotransmitters

Question 2

Behavioral

Answer 2

Reinforcement of maladaptive behavior

Question 3

Cognitive

Answer 3

False assumptions / beliefs

Question 4

Sociocultural

Answer 4

Importance of context

Question 5

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 5

Depressed mood most if ge day, nearly every day, and loss of interest and pleasure in activities

• For at least two weeks
• Symptoms:
• Significant weight loss or weight gain
  *Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  *Fatigue
  *Feeling of worthlessness or guilt
  *Difficulty concentrating
  *Indecisiveness
  *Suicidal ideation

-Episodic
*present at full magnitude for a certain period of time and gradually abate

Question 6

Bipolar Disorder

Answer 6

Typically alternates between depression and mania

-Mania:
*Restlessness
*Extra energy
*Elevated or irritable mood
*Inflated self-esteem
*Decreased need for sleep
*Flight of ideas (rambling)
*Increased in risky behavior

Question 7

Schizophrenia

Answer 7

-Delusions
*Disorganized thinking
*False beliefs / paranoia

-Hallucinations
*Sensory experience w/o sensory stimulus
*Auditory most common type
*Emotions (mismatch or emotionless)
*Speech (rambling or incoherent)
*Behavioral (bizarre or repetitive or motionless)

Question 8

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 8

Uncontrollable tension and unease

-Symptoms:
*Feel anxious constantly
*Restlessness
*Difficulty concentrating
*Irritability
*Muscle Tension
*Sleep Difficulty

Question 9

Specific Phobia

Answer 9

Experiences excessive, distressing and persistent fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

-Disrupts a person’s life –> Avoidance

Question 10

Agoraphobia

Answer 10

Intense fear, anxiety and avoidance of situation in which it might be difficult to escape or receive help if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

-“Fear of marketplace”
-Separate anxiety disorder
-EX: Plane, classroom, mall

Question 11

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 11

Extreme and persistent fear or anxiety and avoidance of social situations in which the person could potentially be evaluated negatively by others

-Concerned they might be judged or humiliated
-More likely to obtain lower education nd lower earnings
-Safety behaviors
*Mental or behavioral acts
*Reduce anxiety
-Self medicate (alcohol)

Question 12

Panic Disorder

Answer 12

Repeated panic attacks
-Emotional
*Intense fear

-Physical
*Increased heart rate
*breathing difficulties
*Shaking
*Nauseous
*Disconnect
*Swearing
*Chest pain

-Cognitive
*Believe they’re dying, loosing reality

Question 13

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Answer 13

Persistent uncontrollable thoughts (obsessions)

-Performance of repetitive rituals (compulsions)
*EX: washing hands
*reduce anxiety

Question 14

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Answer 14

Exposure to traumatic event
*Persistently re-experienced
*Flashbacks, dreams

-Symptoms:
*Emotional numbing
*Anxiety
*Difficulty w concentrating and memory

Question 15

Dissociative Amnesia

Answer 15

Sudden inability to recall personal information
-Episodes
-Due to trauma

Question 16

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 16

Presence of more than one personality

*Each has own memories, behaviors and voice

Question 17

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 17

manipulative and deceitful
-Lack empathy
-Behavior is risky
*EX: irresponsible –> refuse to go to work
-Relationships are shallow

Question 18

Boderline Personality Disorder

Answer 18

-Emotional volatile
-Mood Swings
-Excessive self-criticism
-Extreme judgements
-Preoccupied w/ abandonment
-Self-harm behavior
-Self-sabotage

Question 19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 19

-Difficulty w social relationships
*EX: limited eye contact
-Difficulty w communication
*EX: repetitive speech
-Narrow interests
-Repetitive Behavior

Question 20

Attention-deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Answer 20

Easy distraction and inattention
-Impulsivity
-Excessive activity

Question 21

Types of Disorders:
Anxiety Disorders

Answer 21

Strong negative emotions

Physiological tension

Question 22

Types of Disorders:
Dissociative Disorders

Answer 22

Sudden alteration in consciousness, identity, memory

Question 23

Types of Disorders:
Personality Disorder

Answer 23

Chronic maladaptive patterns integrated into an individual’s personality

Impaired ability to establish empathy or intimacy

Question 24

Types of Disorders:
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Answer 24

Typically continue throughout life

Question 25

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

Answer 25

Apply electricity to induce seizures
-still used very rarely
-severe depressive symptoms
-~85% people improve
-Acts very quickly
-Effects less likely to persist

Question 26

Antidepressants

Answer 26

Depression results from deficiencies of neurotransmitters

-Increase the availability of serotonin and or norepinephrine

Question 27

Mood Stabilizers

Answer 27

-Lithium:
*Treatment for bipolar disorder
*small therapeutic drug
*Toxic too much
(tremors, kidney problems, altered level of consciousness)

Question 28

Antipsychotics

Answer 28

Schizophrenia results from excessive dopamine activity

Block dopamine receptors

Question 29

Psychoanalysis

Answer 29

Help insight into unconscious motivations

-Freud
-Mostly ineffective

-Free Association (talks freely, therapist interprets)
-Dream Analysis (Describes dream, therapist analysis)

Question 30

Humanistic Theories

Answer 30

Increase self -understanding and self-acceptance
-Therapist is unconditional positive regard

-Accepting environment may not be enough to bring lasting change

Question 31

Behavior therapies

Answer 31

Change avert behaviors

-Operant Conditioning
-Classical Conditioning
-Systematic Desensinitation
*Client learns to relax in response to fearful situations

Question 32

Cognitive Therapies

Answer 32

Change faulty thought patterns
-Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT)
*ABC model
*Increase awareness of irrational beliefs

-Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
*Cognitive Triad of Depression Self, world, and future