Chapter 8 - H.D

Question 1

Middle Adulthood

Answer 1

• 40 - 65 yrs
  -Career development
  -Family relationships

Question 2

Sensory System Development
Vision

Answer 2

• Presbyopia
  Hard to focus on close objects

-Floaters

-Scotopic Sensitivity
Lose ability to see in dim light

-Dry eye syndrome
Eye does not produce tears properly

*affects more WOMEN

Question 3

Sensory system Development
Hearing

Answer 3

-More problems understanding speech in noisy environments

*affects more MEN

Question 4

Body fat change in middle adulthood

Answer 4

-waist increase

-Men gain fat on upper abdomen and back

-women gain fat n waist and upper arms

-metabolism slows down

Question 5

What slows down fat increase in middle adulthood

Answer 5

-less calorie intake

-more weight bearing exercise

Question 6

Loss of Bone density and strength

Answer 6

-Bones become thin and collapse
Disk collapse, shrink

-Bones fracture easily, slow to heal

-Higher risk for women after menopause
Impact of estrogen

Question 7

Sarcopenia

Answer 7

Loss of muscle and mass and strength that occurs w aging

-might look skinnier
-Earlier for women

Causes:
-Decline of grower and anabolic hormones
-Decline in physical activity

Question 8

Cholesterol

Answer 8

Fatty substance carried by lipoproteins in the blood

-creates hormones and digest food
-Bad when it is too much

Question 9

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 9

-Majority
-Bad

Question 10

High-density lipoprotein

Answer 10

-absorbs cholesterol
-good
-High levels –> reduce risk of heart problems

Question 11

Climacteric

Answer 11

Midlife transition when fertility declines

-biologically based, impacted by environment

Question 12

Climacteric

Women

Answer 12

Pre-menopause:
Transition of woman’s ovaries stop releasing eggs and levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

Menopause:
-12 months w/o menstruation
-Symptoms:

Caused by decrease in production of female hormones

Hot flashes, pain during intercourse, depression, irritability, weight gain, decrease in sexual desire

Vary across culture and race

-Hormone Replacement theory

Question 13

Climacteric

Men

Answer 13

-Erectile dysfunction
Psychological and medical problems

-Can continue to reproduce

-Prostate enlargement
Testosterone deficient
Andropause

Question 14

Osteoporosis

Answer 14

Bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases

-Structure and strength of bone changes
-Good diet, exercise, avoid smoking and heavy alcohol consumption

Question 15

Misinterpretation of cognitive development in middle adulthood

Cross-sectional study

Answer 15

-10 year smarter than 60 yr old

-decline around 30s

-Difference in education system between age groups

Question 16

Misinterpretation of cognitive development in middle adulthood

Longitudinal study

Answer 16

-fluid intelligence –> decrease w age

-Crystallized intelligence –> stable may increase

-Cognitive changes:
Change in divided attention
Decrease performance in complex tasks

Performed better in; verbal memory, spatial skills, inductive reasoning, vocabulary
EX: Pilots

Question 17

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 17

Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems and performing activities quickly and abstractly

Question 18

Crystallized intelligence

Answer 18

Accumulated knowledge of the world we have acquired throughout our lives

Semantic knowledge, vocabulary and knowledge

Question 19

Cognitive strengths in middle adulthood

Answer 19

-Practical Problem solving
Real-world situations
Requires expertise

-Creativity
Peaks in 30s and 40s

Question 20

Generatively vs Stagnation

Answer 20

-Eriksons stages
-Highly generative adults
Commitment extends beyond self
High autonomy, low depression, low anxiety, self-acceptance, satisfaction
EX: Children, volunteer tutor

Question 21

Coping strategies:
Problem-focused coping

Answer 21

Thought of as actively addressing the event that is causing stress in an effort to solve the issue at hand

Question 22

Coping strategies
Emotion focused coping

Answer 22

Regulates emotion that copes with the stress
EX: watching a funny movie