EXAM 2 - PSYCH

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

-Cell Body (contains nucleus)
-Dendrites
-Axon
-Myelin
-Cell membrane

Question 2

Synapse

Answer 2

Point of communication between neurons

Question 3

Electrochemical Communication

Answer 3

-Electrical; Resting/Action potential
-Chemical; Synaptic transmission & neurotransmitters

Question 4

Resting Potential

Answer 4

-Not sending o receiving signals
-Inside of neuron is negatively charged
-Na+ more outside
-K+ more inside

Question 5

Action Potential

Answer 5

-Electrical signal in axons ‘firing’
-Na+ rushes in
-K+ rushes out

Question 6

Synaptic Transmutation

Answer 6

-Action potential arrives at end of axon
-Neurotransmitters released into synaptic gap

Question 7

Neurontransmitter:
Acetylcholine

Answer 7

-movement
-learning
-memory
EX: Alzheimers disease

Question 8

Neurontransmitter:
Dopamine

Answer 8

-Movement
-Attention
-Learning
EX: Parkinson’s Disease
EX: Schizophrenia (too much dopamine)

Question 9

Neurontransmitter:
Serotonin

Answer 9

-Mood regulation
-Control of eating and sleeping
EX: Depression
EX: Anorexia Nervosa

Question 10

Neurontransmitter:
Norepinephrine

Answer 10

-Alertness
-Wakefulness
EX: Depression

Question 11

Neurontransmitter:
Endorphins

Answer 11

-Pain regulation
EX:Lack of pain disorder

Question 12

Neurontransmitter:
Glutamate

Answer 12

-Excitatory (increases chances that receiving neuron will fire)

Question 13

Neurontransmitter:
GABA

Answer 13

-Inhibitory (decreases chances that receiving neuron will fire)

Question 14

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 14

-Brain
-Spinal Cord

Question 15

Medulla

(hindbrain)

Answer 15

Breathing
Heart Rate
(life sustaining function)

Question 16

Cerebullum

(hindbrain)

Answer 16

Learning
Memory
Balance
Posture
Movement

Question 17

Thalamus

(Forebrain)

Answer 17

“routing station” for information
(sensory info comes in)

Question 18

Limbic System
(forebrain)

Answer 18

Memory
Emotion
Motivation
Amugdala and Hippocampus

Question 19

Nucleus Accumbens

Answer 19

Central to reinforcing experiences
EX: Drug addictions
(increases activity)

Question 20

Pons
(hindbrain)

Answer 20

Sleep
Level of alertness
(level of consciousness)

Question 21

Midbrain

Answer 21

Movement readiness
vision, audition

Question 22

Hypothalamus
(forebrain)

Answer 22

Regulation:
hunger and thirst
sleep and activity

Question 23

Basal ganglia
(forebrain)

Answer 23

Motor function
(control movement)
EX: Parkinsons disease

Question 24

Frontal lobe
(cerebral cortex)

Answer 24

Spoken language (Broca’s area)
Problem solving
Abstract reasoning
Impulse control
Primary motor cortex

Question 25

Parietal Lobe

Answer 25

Batty sensations (primary somatosensory cortex) TOUCH

Question 26

Occipital Lobe

Answer 26

Vision

Question 27

Temporal Lobe

Answer 27

Hearing Language comprehension (Wernickes area)

Question 28

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 28

Nerves entering and leaving CNS

Question 29

PNS: Somatic Nervous System

Answer 29

Voluntary Skeletal muscles control

Question 30

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 30

Mostly involuntary other types of muscle EX: heart, breathing

Question 31

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 31

Stress-related activities Activated when we face stressful situations fight or flight response

Question 32

PNS: Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 32

-Returns the body to homeostasis state

Question 33

Sensory Neuron

Answer 33

Neurons stimulated by sensory information

Question 34

Sensation

Answer 34

Sensory neurons receive sensory stimulation Info. is delivered to the brain

Question 35

Perception

Answer 35

Interpretation of sensory information Depend on experiences

Question 36

Transduction

Answer 36

Sensory stimulation is transformed into neural signals

Question 37

Vision

Answer 37

1. Light enters through PUPIL 2. Light focused by LENS into the RETINA 3. RETINA lies in the back of the eye and contains sensory neurons 3. RODS and CONES connect light to neural signals

Question 38

Cones

Answer 38

3 types- one for each color works best in bright light

Question 39

Rods

Answer 39

work well in low light

Question 40

Neural impulses to brain

Answer 40

1. Rods and Cones (retina) 2. Bipolar cells (retina) ` 3. Ganglion cells 4. Brain (occipital lobe)

Question 41

Trichromatic Theory

Answer 41

3 types of cone Explains color deficiency (some aspects) EX: those that only h

Question 42

Opponent-Process Theory

Answer 42

Color pairs: red-green yellow-blue white-black After images Neurons in response to one member of a pair and are inhibited by the other

Question 43

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 43

the whole is different than the sum of its parts Principles by which we organize sensory information

Question 44

Principle of Continuity

Answer 44

Able to perceive something as continuous EX: looking at a rope

Question 45

Principle of Simplicity

Answer 45

Patterns perceived so the resulting structure is a simple as possible

Question 46

Principle of Similarity

Answer 46

similar things appear to be grouped together

Question 47

Principle of proximity

Answer 47

Things near each other appear to be grouped together

Question 48

Principle of Closure

Answer 48

gaps are closed up

Question 49

Monocular Cues Linear Perspective

Answer 49

Distant objects closer together

Question 50

Monocular Cues Occlusion

Answer 50

When object blocks part of another, first object appears closer

Question 51

Monocular Cues Texture

Answer 51

Things far away seem to have less texture

Question 52

Monocular Cues Shading

Answer 52

Light object appear closer

Question 53

Monocular Cues Relative Size

Answer 53

Objects far away appear smaller