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Intro to Psych > EXAM 2 - PSYCH > Flashcards

EXAM 2 - PSYCH Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

-Cell Body (contains nucleus)
-Dendrites
-Axon
-Myelin
-Cell membrane

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2
Q

Synapse

A

Point of communication between neurons

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3
Q

Electrochemical Communication

A

-Electrical; Resting/Action potential
-Chemical; Synaptic transmission & neurotransmitters

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4
Q

Resting Potential

A

-Not sending o receiving signals
-Inside of neuron is negatively charged
-Na+ more outside
-K+ more inside

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5
Q

Action Potential

A

-Electrical signal in axons ‘firing’
-Na+ rushes in
-K+ rushes out

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6
Q

Synaptic Transmutation

A

-Action potential arrives at end of axon
-Neurotransmitters released into synaptic gap

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7
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Acetylcholine

A

-movement
-learning
-memory
EX: Alzheimers disease

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8
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Dopamine

A

-Movement
-Attention
-Learning
EX: Parkinson’s Disease
EX: Schizophrenia (too much dopamine)

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9
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Serotonin

A

-Mood regulation
-Control of eating and sleeping
EX: Depression
EX: Anorexia Nervosa

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10
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Norepinephrine

A

-Alertness
-Wakefulness
EX: Depression

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11
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Endorphins

A

-Pain regulation
EX:Lack of pain disorder

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12
Q

Neurontransmitter:
Glutamate

A

-Excitatory (increases chances that receiving neuron will fire)

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13
Q

Neurontransmitter:
GABA

A

-Inhibitory (decreases chances that receiving neuron will fire)

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14
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

-Brain
-Spinal Cord

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15
Q

Medulla

(hindbrain)

A

Breathing
Heart Rate
(life sustaining function)

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16
Q

Cerebullum

(hindbrain)

A

Learning
Memory
Balance
Posture
Movement

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17
Q

Thalamus

(Forebrain)

A

“routing station” for information
(sensory info comes in)

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18
Q

Limbic System
(forebrain)

A

Memory
Emotion
Motivation
Amugdala and Hippocampus

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19
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A

Central to reinforcing experiences
EX: Drug addictions
(increases activity)

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20
Q

Pons
(hindbrain)

A

Sleep
Level of alertness
(level of consciousness)

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21
Q

Midbrain

A

Movement readiness
vision, audition

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22
Q

Hypothalamus
(forebrain)

A

Regulation:
hunger and thirst
sleep and activity

23
Q

Basal ganglia
(forebrain)

A

Motor function
(control movement)
EX: Parkinsons disease

24
Q

Frontal lobe
(cerebral cortex)

A

Spoken language (Broca’s area)
Problem solving
Abstract reasoning
Impulse control
Primary motor cortex

25
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Batty sensations (primary somatosensory cortex)
TOUCH

26
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Vision

27
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Hearing
Language comprehension (Wernickes area)

28
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Nerves entering and leaving CNS

29
Q

PNS:
Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary
Skeletal muscles control

30
Q

PNS:
Autonomic Nervous System

A

Mostly involuntary
other types of muscle
EX: heart, breathing

31
Q

PNS:
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Stress-related activities
Activated when we face stressful situations
fight or flight response

32
Q

PNS:
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

-Returns the body to homeostasis state

33
Q

Sensory Neuron

A

Neurons stimulated by sensory information

34
Q

Sensation

A

Sensory neurons receive sensory stimulation
Info. is delivered to the brain

35
Q

Perception

A

Interpretation of sensory information
Depend on experiences

36
Q

Transduction

A

Sensory stimulation is transformed into neural signals

37
Q

Vision

A
  1. Light enters through PUPIL
  2. Light focused by LENS into the RETINA
  3. RETINA lies in the back of the eye and contains sensory neurons
  4. RODS and CONES connect light to neural signals
38
Q

Cones

A

3 types- one for each color
works best in bright light

39
Q

Rods

A

work well in low light

40
Q

Neural impulses to brain

A
  1. Rods and Cones (retina)
  2. Bipolar cells (retina) `
  3. Ganglion cells
  4. Brain (occipital lobe)
41
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

3 types of cone
Explains color deficiency (some aspects)
EX: those that only h

42
Q

Opponent-Process Theory

A

Color pairs:
red-green
yellow-blue
white-black
After images
Neurons in response to one member of a pair and are inhibited by the other

43
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

the whole is different than the sum of its parts
Principles by which we organize sensory information

44
Q

Principle of Continuity

A

Able to perceive something as continuous
EX: looking at a rope

45
Q

Principle of Simplicity

A

Patterns perceived so the resulting structure is a simple as possible

46
Q

Principle of Similarity

A

similar things appear to be grouped together

47
Q

Principle of proximity

A

Things near each other appear to be grouped together

48
Q

Principle of Closure

A

gaps are closed up

49
Q

Monocular Cues
Linear Perspective

A

Distant objects closer together

50
Q

Monocular Cues
Occlusion

A

When object blocks part of another, first object appears closer

51
Q

Monocular Cues
Texture

A

Things far away seem to have less texture

52
Q

Monocular Cues
Shading

A

Light object appear closer

53
Q

Monocular Cues
Relative Size

A

Objects far away appear smaller

54
Q
A

Intro to Psych (15 decks)

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