H.D - Chapter 5

Question 1

Brain Growth

Answer 1

10-12 yrs
Frontal lobes become more developed
Improvements in logic, planning, and memory are evident
Due to myelination

Question 2

Childhood Obesity

Answer 2

Due to genetics and environment

Overweight Linked to impaired functioning -> Working memory, mental flexibility, decision making, control impulses and delayed gratification (hard to avoid unhealthy food)

Psychological Consequences:
-Discrimination
-Lower self-esteem
-agression
-depression

Question 3

Decentration

Answer 3

Concrete operational
Children no longer focus on obvious
Allows conservation

EX: not only focus on height of glass, also focus on width

Question 4

Reversibility

Answer 4

Child learns that some things have been changed can be returned to their original state

EX: water can be frozen, and come water again
EX: math

Question 5

Information Processing Model

Answer 5

1. Stimulus
2. Sensory Register
3. Attention
4. Working memory or short-term memory
5. Long-term memory
6. Central Executive System - coordinating cognitive activity (CEO of mind, controls conscious part)

Question 6

Working Memory / Short-term memory

Answer 6

Amount of info you can hold in your mimd to think about something RIGHT NOW

EX: not info. used during an exam

Question 7

Long-term Memory

Answer 7

EX: Info given now that you want to remember in the future

Question 8

Information Processing: Executive Function

Answer 8

mental processes that enable us to plan, focus attention, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks successfully.

How we regulate our thinking

Question 9

Inhibition

Answer 9

Ability to stop behavior
delayed gratification

Question 10

Selective Attention

Answer 10

Early stage of attention
Trying to decide what to pay attention to
inner speech with children

Question 11

ADHD

Answer 11

Great difficulty with , and avoidance of tasks that require sustained attention (reading, conversation) , failure to follow directions, disorganizations, forgetfulness, hyperactivity

Question 12

ADHD Intervetions

Answer 12

Medication and behavioral approach
No correlation between medication and substance abuse
Increase in rate of ADHD

Question 13

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 13

Intended to achieve a particular goal

Question 14

Hostile Agression

Answer 14

Hostile action in response to others
verbal or physical

EX: be aggressive bc you don’t like the person / want to be mean

Happens later
Need understanding of consequences
Theory of mind - take perspective

Question 15

Relational Agression

Answer 15

Hostile action to harm relationship
verbal
Mean girls (gossiping)

Question 16

Bilingualism

Answer 16

-Cognitive advantages
-Speak only limited versions of both languages
-Delays Alzheimer’s disease
-Hear language better and more sensitive
-boost your memory
-Increased attention and better at multitasking

Question 17

Peer Acceptance

Answer 17

-Popular
-Rejected
-Controversial
-Neglected

Question 18

Long term consequences of Popularity

Answer 18

-Stronger marriages
-earn more money
-have better health outcomes

Question 19

long-term consequences of unpopular children

Answer 19

-Experienced greater anxiety
-depression
-substance abuse
-obesity
-suicide

Denied opportunities to build social skills

Question 20

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Answer 20

Most widely used intelligence test for adults

Scores on 4 domains:
-Verbal Comprehension
-Fluid reasoning
-Processing Speed
-Working memory

High reliability
Hard to measure all

Question 21

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 21

Stenberg
People may display more or less analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence

Question 22

Analytical Intelligence

Answer 22

Traditional tests assess
Academic problem solving and performing calculations

Question 23

Creative Intelligence

Answer 23

Do not assess
the ability to adapt to new situations and create new ideas

Question 24

Practical Intelligence

Answer 24

Do not assess
The ability to demonstrate common sense and street-smart

Question 25

Theory of Multiple Intelligence

Answer 25

Gardner
Eight intelligences that can be differentiated from each other

-Linguistic
-Logical-mathematical
-Spatial (think and reason)
-Musical
-Kinesthetic (body) (sports)
-Interpersonal (interact)
-Intrapersonal (self)
-Naturalistic

Question 26

IQ

Answer 26

Comparing children of the same age
Bell curve
Mostly genetics
Don’t change a lot overtime

IQ= mental age / chronological age
120 = 12 / 10

Question 27

Authoritative Parenting `

Answer 27

High warmth - high control
patience

Associated w;
-High academic achievement
-Self-control
-More curious
-Self-confident

Question 28

Authoritarian Parenting

Answer 28

Low warmth- high control
Punishment

Associated w:
-Unhappy
-Low self-esteem
-More difficult handling conflict

Question 29

Permissive Parenting

Answer 29

High warmth - Low control
“Friend”

Associated w:
-Low impulse control
-immature
-dependent on others
-Poor academic performance

Question 30

Uninvolved / Neglectful parenting

Answer 30

Low warmth / low control
emotionally unavailable parenting

Associated w:
-Poor academic performance
-Tend to be aggressive

Question 31

Resilience

Answer 31

Rebound from serious early life traumas to construct successful adult lives

Factors:
Genes
Number of traumas
Social skills
Community

Question 32

General Intelligence Factor (g)

Answer 32

Spearman
The construct that the different abilities and skills measured on intelligence tests have in common

Relates to abstract thinking
People with higher general intelligence learn thinking

Question 33

Divorce

Answer 33

Significantly more behavior problems
Child will grieve loss of parent they don’t see anymore
Parent may be less available for child

Relationships of divorced children tend to be more problematic
Experience social, emotional and psychological problems
More likely to get divorced themselves