DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION 1 Flashcards

1
Q

elaboration of fluid (lubricate and moisten food)

A

salivary gland

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2
Q

elaboration of HCl and digestive enzymes

A

Stomach

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3
Q

elaboration of bicarbonate and enzymes for intraluminal digestion

A

pancreas

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4
Q

elaboration of bile acids

A

liver

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5
Q

storage and concentration of bile

A

gallbladder

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5
Q

terminal digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

A

small intestine

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6
Q

absorption of electrolytes

A

large intestine

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7
Q

expressed on the endothelial cells, smooth muscle, brain and nerve endings
causes dilation of blood vessel

A

H1

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7
Q

produced from the decarboxylation of histidine, found in skin, lungs, and GIT, released from mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and enterochromaffin cells

produces H1,H2,H3,H4

A

hIistamine

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8
Q

expressed in gastric parietal cells and causes release of HCl

A

H2

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9
Q

parietal cells has 3 receptors

A

ach, gastrin, and histamine

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10
Q

produces by G cells which are located at the pyloric glands acts on gastrin inhibitor

A

gastrin hormones

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11
Q

synthesized from tryptophan

upon the action of GIT where there is a peristaltic movement there will be constriction of smooth muscle

A

serotonin

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12
Q

peptide of 34 amino acids which is cleaved to yield little gastrin which is comprised of 17 residues

A

big Gastrin

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13
Q

synergistic with CCK
gastrin activates the H2 receptor of parietal hormones and therefore HCl will be released
somatostatin will be released to turn of gastrin release

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

stimulates gallbladder contraction which releases CCK and pancreatic enzymes

works hand in hand with secretin when taking in a fatty meal and will stimulate the gallbladder to release the bile acid that will emulsify fats

A

CCK

15
Q

stimulates duct cells to produce bile acids

functions in gastric emptying

A

secretin

16
Q

initiated by sight or taste of food, grumbling sound of stomach

A

cephalic phase

17
Q

activates gastric activity of stomach

secretion of Ach, Histamine, and Gastrin

A

Gastric phase

18
Q

occurs in the duodenum as a response for the arriving chyme and it moderates the gastric activity by the nervous reflexes and hormones

A

intestinal phase

19
Q

conditionally essential protein

A

arginine, tyrosine, glutamine and cysteine

20
Q

hydrolyze peptide bonds between specific amino acids throughout the molecule

cleave large polypeptides to smaller oligopolypeptides

A

endopeptidases

21
Q

catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds one at a time from the ends of the peptides

A

exopeptidases

22
Q

released in pancreatic juices which releases amino acid at the carboxy terminal

A

carboxypeptidases

23
Q

secreted by intestinal mucosal cells which releases amino acid at the amino terminal

A

amino peptidases

24
Q

found on the brush border of intestinal mucosal cells which catalyze the hydrolysis of dipeptide and tripeptide which are amino and carboxypeptidase

A

dipeptidases and tripeptidases

25
Q

involved un curdling of milk absent in adults , found on stomach of infants

A

renin/chymosin

26
Q

villi of intestine are atrophied/blunting of villi

due to intolerance of protein gluten

A

celiac disease

27
Q

inability to reabsorb amino acids manifests are excretion of amino acids in urine

A

neutral amino acid aciduria

28
Q

disorder of the proximal tubule reabsorption

amino acid cysteine

A

cystinuria

29
Q

six mutations in SLC6A19

low level of of neutral amino acid; specifically on tryptophan which is important in synthesis of vitamin B3

A

hartnups disease