DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION 1

Question 1

elaboration of fluid (lubricate and moisten food)

Answer 1

salivary gland

Question 2

elaboration of HCl and digestive enzymes

Answer 2

Stomach

Question 3

elaboration of bicarbonate and enzymes for intraluminal digestion

Answer 3

pancreas

Question 4

elaboration of bile acids

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

storage and concentration of bile

Answer 5

gallbladder

Question 5

terminal digestion of food and absorption of nutrients

Answer 5

small intestine

Question 6

absorption of electrolytes

Answer 6

large intestine

Question 7

expressed on the endothelial cells, smooth muscle, brain and nerve endings
causes dilation of blood vessel

Answer 7

H1

Question 7

produced from the decarboxylation of histidine, found in skin, lungs, and GIT, released from mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and enterochromaffin cells

produces H1,H2,H3,H4

Answer 7

hIistamine

Question 8

expressed in gastric parietal cells and causes release of HCl

Answer 8

H2

Question 9

parietal cells has 3 receptors

Answer 9

ach, gastrin, and histamine

Question 10

produces by G cells which are located at the pyloric glands acts on gastrin inhibitor

Answer 10

gastrin hormones

Question 11

synthesized from tryptophan

upon the action of GIT where there is a peristaltic movement there will be constriction of smooth muscle

Answer 11

serotonin

Question 12

peptide of 34 amino acids which is cleaved to yield little gastrin which is comprised of 17 residues

Answer 12

big Gastrin

Question 13

synergistic with CCK
gastrin activates the H2 receptor of parietal hormones and therefore HCl will be released
somatostatin will be released to turn of gastrin release

Answer 13

Gastrin

Question 14

stimulates gallbladder contraction which releases CCK and pancreatic enzymes

works hand in hand with secretin when taking in a fatty meal and will stimulate the gallbladder to release the bile acid that will emulsify fats

Answer 14

CCK

Question 15

stimulates duct cells to produce bile acids

functions in gastric emptying

Answer 15

secretin

Question 16

initiated by sight or taste of food, grumbling sound of stomach

Answer 16

cephalic phase

Question 17

activates gastric activity of stomach

secretion of Ach, Histamine, and Gastrin

Answer 17

Gastric phase

Question 18

occurs in the duodenum as a response for the arriving chyme and it moderates the gastric activity by the nervous reflexes and hormones

Answer 18

intestinal phase

Question 19

conditionally essential protein

Answer 19

arginine, tyrosine, glutamine and cysteine

Question 20

hydrolyze peptide bonds between specific amino acids throughout the molecule

cleave large polypeptides to smaller oligopolypeptides

Answer 20

endopeptidases

Question 21

catalyze the hydrolysis of peptide bonds one at a time from the ends of the peptides

Answer 21

exopeptidases

Question 22

released in pancreatic juices which releases amino acid at the carboxy terminal

Answer 22

carboxypeptidases

Question 23

secreted by intestinal mucosal cells which releases amino acid at the amino terminal

Answer 23

amino peptidases

Question 24

found on the brush border of intestinal mucosal cells which catalyze the hydrolysis of dipeptide and tripeptide which are amino and carboxypeptidase

Answer 24

dipeptidases and tripeptidases

Question 25

involved un curdling of milk absent in adults , found on stomach of infants

Answer 25

renin/chymosin

Question 26

villi of intestine are atrophied/blunting of villi

due to intolerance of protein gluten

Answer 26

celiac disease

Question 27

inability to reabsorb amino acids manifests are excretion of amino acids in urine

Answer 27

neutral amino acid aciduria

Question 28

disorder of the proximal tubule reabsorption

amino acid cysteine

Answer 28

cystinuria

Question 29

six mutations in SLC6A19

low level of of neutral amino acid; specifically on tryptophan which is important in synthesis of vitamin B3

Answer 29

hartnups disease