BLOOD CHEMISTRY

Question 1

major plasma protein in humans
normal amount: 3.4-4.7 g/dL

Answer 1

albumin

Question 2

three major groups of plasma proteins

Answer 2

fibrinogen albumin globulins

Question 3

reduced synthesis of albumin

Answer 3

malnutrition
malabasorption syndrome
chronic inflammatory disease

Question 4

kidneys are defective proteinuria

Answer 4

nephrotic syndrome

Question 5

plasma glycoprotein that binds to extracorpuscular hemoglobin in a tight non-covalent complex preventing the loss of free hemoglobin into the kidney thus conserving valuable iron present in hemoglobin

Answer 5

haptoglobulin

Question 6

haptoglobulin that is exists in humans

Answer 6

hp 1-1

Question 7

transport of iron in the plasma is accomplish by _______ which migrates in the beta-globulin region

Answer 7

transferrin

Question 8

1 molecule of transferrin binds _________

Answer 8

2 ions of iron

Question 9

binds 6 ions of copper

Answer 9

ceruloplasmin

Question 10

involved in the coagulation cascade or clot formation. ________ will be converted to fibrin by the help of thrombin

Answer 10

fibrinogen

Question 11

protein that serves as a transport vehicle that carries also bile salts and fatty acids

Answer 11

albumin

Question 12

involved in the immune system (immunoglobulins)

Answer 12

globulins

Question 13

____________ can happen when either of the hydrostatic or oncotic pressure malfunctions

Answer 13

edema

Question 14

normal total serum protein concentration is ___________ and is determined as a fraction containing albumin and serum globulins

Answer 14

6-8 g/dL

Question 15

major plasma proteins of the blood

Answer 15

albumin
haptoglobin
transferrin
ceruloplasmin
alpha 1 antiproteinase
alpha 2 macroglobulin
fibrinogen

Question 16

if the liver is defective, plasma protein is affected

Answer 16

acute hepatitis and chronic liver disease

Question 17

haptoglobulin is a _________- and is frequently elevated in medically stressfull situations

Answer 17

acute phase reactant

Question 17

iron supplements are in the ferrous state __________- enhances the absorption of iron in the intestines

Answer 17

vitamin c

Question 18

also known as kinky or steely hair disease

x linked disorder due to mutation in the gene encoding a copper binding P-type ATPase

Answer 18

Menke’s diseases

Question 19

genetic disease wherein copper fails to be excreted in the bile

autosomal recessive

Answer 19

Willson’s disease

Question 20

_______- is secreted by bacterial neutrophils

functions to recoil lungs

Answer 20

elastase

Question 20

congenital deficiency of _________ can result in premature emphysema

Answer 20

congenital deficiency of alpha 1 antiproteinase

Question 21

in _________ alpha 2 macroglobulin is allowed to retain in the circulation because of its large molecular weight, even in profound proteinuria

Answer 21

alpha 2 macroglobulin

Question 22

increase of fibrinogen causes include

(H, N, P, A)

Answer 22

hemostatic stress
non-specific stresses of inflammation
pregnancy
autoimmune disorders

Question 23

__________– is a hormone produced largely by the kidney that stimulates CFU-E stem cells to speed up growth and enhance maturation

Answer 23

erythropoietin

Question 24

major proteins of the RBC membrane include:

A, G, S, A, A, P

Answer 24

anion exchange protein
glycophorin ABC
spectrin
ankyrin
actin (band 5)
protein 4.1

Question 25

c terminal is external and n terminal is internal

exists as a dimer om the membrane in which forms a tunnel permitting exchange of chloride for bicarbonate

binds to Hb, protein 4.1, 4.2, ankyrin

Answer 25

anion exchange proteins

Question 26

single pass type

binding sites for influenza virus and plasmodium falciparum

Answer 26

glycophorin ABC

Question 27

four binding sites: self assocation, ankyrin, actin, and protein 4.1

disorder will lead to hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis

Answer 27

spectrin

Question 28

pyramid shaped protein that binds spectrin also binds tightly band 3 securing attachment to spectrin to the membrane

sensitive to proteolysis

Answer 28

ankyrin

Question 29

binds to 4.1 and end of spectrin dimers bind to actin

Answer 29

actin

Question 30

binds tightly to the spectrin forming a protein 4.1 spectin actin ternary complex

Answer 30

protein 4.1