IMMUNOCHEMISTRY 2

Question 1

_____________ is the most abundant type of white blood cell, ingest and destroy invading bacteria and fungi by a process known as phagocytosis while eosinophils phagocytize larger parasites

Answer 1

neutrophils

Question 2

circulating _________ migrate from the bloodstream to diseased tissues where they differentiate into phagocytic macrophages

Answer 2

monocytes

Question 3

granulocytes such as ________ and _________ released stored effectors that attract additional leukocytes to the site of infection and trigger an inflammatory response

Answer 3

basophils, mast cells

Question 4

____________ and ___________ target virally infected and malignantly transformed host cells

Answer 4

cytotoxic t cells and natural killer cells

Question 5

leukocytes and endothelial cells contain cell surface lectins called ___________ which participate in intracellular adhesion

they are single chain calcium binding transmembrane proteins; the amino terminals contain a lectin domain which is involved in binding to specific carbohydrate ligands

Answer 5

selectins

Question 6

selectins bind _______ and __________

Answer 6

sialylated and fucosylated oligosaccharides

Question 7

__________ have selectin ligands on their surfaces which may have a role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells

Answer 7

cancer cells

Question 8

_____________- the lack of the beta 2 subunit (also designated CD18) of LFA-1 and of two related integrins found in neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 8

type 1 leukocyte adhesion deficiency

Question 9

__________ and _________ impairs the ability of the affected leukocyte to adhere to vascular endothelial cells impeding diapedesis

Answer 9

MAC 1(CD11b/18) and P150,95 (CD11c/18)

Question 10

lymphocytes that have yet to be stimulated to produce immunoglobulins are said to be _______

Answer 10

naive

Question 11

macrophages, neutrophils, and phagocytic lymphocytes called ___________ display or present fragments of macromolecules they have destroyed by phagocytosis

Answer 11

plasma cells

Question 12

__________ recognize proteins that appear on the surface of host cells as a consequence of viral infection or oncogenic transformation

Answer 12

cytotoxic t cells

Question 13

____________ resemble cytotoxic t cells but contain granules holding additional toxic chemicals to aid in their attack

Answer 13

natural killer cells

Question 14

every individual contains clonally derived lymphocytes of each clone having arisen from a single precursor and being capable of recognizing and responding to a specific antigenic determinant

Answer 14

clonal selection hypothesis

Question 15

B lymphocytes can be

PM

Answer 15

Plasma cells
Memory B cells

Question 16

cells that have been exposed to an antigen and are readily converted to effector cells by a later encounter with the same antigen

Answer 16

memory b cells

Question 17

membrane immunoglobulin of B lymphocyte in BL receptor complex

Answer 17

IgM and IgD

Question 18

involved in graft rejection hypersensitivity reactions and many defense against malignant cells and many viruses

Answer 18

t lymphocytes

Question 19

t cells exert their effects by synthesizing and releasing ______

hormone like proteins that act by binding specific receptors on their target cells

Answer 19

cytokines

Question 20

destroys transplanted and virus-infected cells

CD8 T cells

with granzymes and perforins

Answer 20

cytotoxic t cells

Question 21

CD4 t cells

they get their name from the help they provide to effector cells

B cells and cytotoxic t lymphocytes

Answer 21

Helper T cells

Question 22

type of helper t cells

concerned with cellular immunity

controls intracellular pathogens such as viruses and certain bacteria (Listeria and myobacterium tuberculosis)

Answer 22

T helper 1 (Th1)

Question 23

type of t helper cell

interact primarily with B cells in relation to humoral immunity

essential production of IgE

IL4

Answer 23

T helper 2 (Th2)

Question 24

Type of t helper cell

provided help to B cells enabling them to develop into antibody secreting plasma cells

found in lymph nodes and they are the most abundant helper t cells

Answer 24

T follicular helper cells

Question 25

type of t helper cells

protects surfaces (skin, lining of the intestines) against extracellular bacteria

Answer 25

Th17

Question 26

regulation of cellular and humoral immunity

also called regulatory t cells

secreted interleukin 10 which a powerful immunosuppressant which inhibits action of CD8 cytotoxic t lymphocyte

Answer 26

suppressor t cells

Question 27

type of t cells

previously exposed to antigen and converted to t cells

Answer 27

memory t cells

Question 28

bridge between innate and adaptive

resides in peripheral tissues (skin, liver and intestine)

orchestrate via secretion of migration of other types of immune cells within lymph nodes

Answer 28

dendritic cells

Question 29

process of tagging an invader with protective proteins to facilitate recognition by phagocytic leukocytes is called

Answer 29

opsonization

Question 30

responsible for the green color of pus

genetic deficiency can cause recurrent infections

Answer 30

myeloperoxidase

Question 31

key component of the respiratory burst deficient in chronic ganulomatous disease

Answer 31

NADPH oxidase

Question 32

abundant in macrophages hydrolyzes bacterial peptidoglycans

hydrolyzes link between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl D glucosamine found in certain bacterial walls

Answer 32

lysozyme

Question 33

basic antibiotic peptides of 20-33 amino acids

apparently kills bacteria causing membrane damage

Answer 33

defensins

Question 34

may inhibit growth of certain bacteria by binding iron and may be involved in regulation of proliferation of myeloid cells

Answer 34

lactoferrin

Question 35

elastase, collagenase, gelatinase, cathepsin g

abundant in phagocytes; breakdown protein components of infectious organisms; generate fragments for antigen presentation

Answer 35

proteases