NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY II

Question 1

sugar unit of ribose

Answer 1

Ribose

Question 2

classes of RNA directly involved in protein synthesis

Answer 2

mRNA
rRNA
tRNA

Question 3

class of RNA
involved in mRNA splicing

Answer 3

snRNA

Question 4

class of RNA for modulation of gene expression by altering mRNA function

Answer 4

mi/siRNA

Question 5

class of RNA
modulation of gene expression by altering mRNA expression

Answer 5

IncRNA

Question 6

conveys information in a gene to the protein synthesizing machinery where it serves as a template on which a sequence of amino acids is polymerized to form a specific protein molecule

Answer 6

messenger RNA

Question 7

sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that is transcribed from the DNA

Answer 7

genetic code

Question 8

triplet of bases along the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid

Answer 8

codon

Question 9

transfer RNA contains ______ main arms

the main arms are:
A,D,T,A

Answer 9

4 arms

acceptor arm
D loop
T loop
anticodon

Question 10

transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm into the ribosome for the translation of the information in the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA into specific amino acid sequence

Answer 10

transfer RNA

Question 11

________ are transcribed from the DNA in the nucleus and are assembled with proteins to form ribosome subunits

Answer 11

ribosomal RNA

Question 12

________ is involved in rRNA and mRNA processing (splicing) and gene regulation

Answer 12

small nuclear RNA

Question 13

snRNA

involved in intron removal and processing of pre-mRNA into mRNA

Answer 13

U1 U2 U4 U5 U6

Question 14

involved in production of correct 3’ ends of histone mRNA

Answer 14

U7

Question 15

steps involved in transcription

I E T

Answer 15

initiation
elongation
termination with 5’ -> 3’ polarity

Question 16

translation is initiated when mRNA attaches to the ______

Answer 16

ribosome

Question 17

the first tRNA detaches from the ribosome and the ribosome shifts to the next codon on the mRNA

this is called______

Answer 17

translocation

Question 18

property of nucleic acid

ampiphilic molecules normally acidic because of phosphate

Answer 18

acidity

Question 19

property of nucleic acid

insoluble in organic solvents, can be precipitated by ethanol

Answer 19

viscosity

Question 20

property of nucleic acid

capable of UV absorption due to aromatic groups

Answer 20

optical absorption

Question 21

property of nucleic acid

disassociation with extremes of temperature

Answer 21

thermal stability

Question 22

dissociation of the different bonds (hydrogen bonds, glycosidic bonds, phosphodiester bonds)

Answer 22

denaturation

Question 23

melting temperature is greatly influenced by the number of _____________ in between base pairs

Answer 23

hydrogen bonds

Question 24

encodes a different amino acid and causes a small change in the protein product

Answer 24

missense mutation

Question 25

encodes the same amino acid and causes no change in the protein product

Answer 25

silent mutation

Question 26

substitution results to a stop codon causing the production of an incomplete protein

Answer 26

nonsense mutation

Question 27

frameshift mutation

extra bases are inserted into a DNA sequence

Answer 27

insertion

Question 28

frameshift mutation

a section of the DNA sequence is deleted

Answer 28

deletion