FLUID ELECTROLYTE AND ACID IMBALANCE III Flashcards
chief buffer for H+ generated by CO2
responsible for 60% of the buffering capacity of blood
hemoglobin buffer system
intracellular
important mechanism of H+ secretion by kidneys
buffers acids in the distal tubules of the kidney and ICF
composed of 2 parts:
Na / KH2PO4 - acid part
Na /K2HPO4 - basic part
phosphate buffer system
______________ usually becomes greatly concentrated in the tubulues
phosphate
regulates the removal of CO2 from ECF
quick acting
emergency mechanism
cannot completely restore acid-base equilibrium
Respiratory Center
located at the bifurcation of the common carotid arteries as carotid bodies
most sensitive to changes in PaO2
communicate with central respiratory centers to either increase or decrease alveolar ventilation
peripheral chemoreceptors
eliminates excess acid or base from the body
slow to respond but the most powerful acid-base regulatory mechanism
primary mechanism for removal of nonvolatile acids from the body
can completely restore acid base balance
regulates sodium bicarbonate in blood
renal mechanism
main site of bicarbonate reabsorption accounting for 75-90% of the filtered load
proximal tubule
due to decrease in bicarbonate fraction
blood (H+) may be high or normal but the Bicarbonate is always low
compensated PCO2 is lowered
metabolic acidosis
due to increase in bicarbonate fraction
the (H+) is depressed and the bicarbonate is always raised
respiratory compensation results in an elevated PCO2
metabolic alkalosis
due to hypoventilation and consequential increased in PCO2
respiratory acidosis
due to hyperventialtion and consequential decreased in PCO2
respiratory alkalosis
maximal renal compensation
primary problem:imparied alveolar ventilation
kidneys increased H+ excretion, increase bicarbonate, H+ near normal despite grossly impaired ventilation
respiratory acidosis
chronic COPD
