FLUID ELECTROLYTE AND ACID BASE BALANCE I Flashcards
__________ accounts for 70% of a cell’s weight
most intracellular reaction occur in aqueous environment
water
properties of water include:
(P, H, UBS)
polar assymetry
high affinity for other water molecules
water transports _______ and __________
gases (O2 & CO2)
substances (nutrients and hormones)
water minimizes temperature changes throughout the body
water has a _____________
high specific heat
factors that affect the total body water
these are
(A, D, G)
age
degree of obesity
gender
2 major sources of water include
P, M
preformed water
metabolic water
water from food and drinks amounting to 2,100 mL/day
preformed water
water from oxidation of carbohydrates amounting to 200 mL/day
metabolic water
continous loss of water through evaporation which could ether be through the skin or the lungs
insensible water losses
the main means by which our body maintains fluid is through _______
urine
the __________accounts for 40% of the total body weight
intracellular fluid
the ______ accounts for the 20% of the body weight
divided into the blood plasma (1/4 of ECF) and interstitial fluid (3/4) of ECF
extracellular fluid
fluids found in synovial joints, peritoneal, pericardial, intraocular spaces, and cerebrospinal fluid
considered to be a specialized type of ECF
constitute about 1-2 liters
transcellular ions
major substances in the extracellular fluid
(Na, Cl, Ca, HCO3)
sodium, chloride, calcium, bicarbonate
major substances in the intracellular fluid
(P, P, S, M, P)
potassium, phosphate, sulfate, magnesium, proteins
the cells are separated by _______________ which is also the capillary pores
allows water soluble substances to pass through in-and-out that pore to allow the exchange between the interstitial fluid and plasma
intercellular cleft
there is no problem with the exchange of ______________ because they can diffuse directly through the cell membrane without having to pass through the capillary pores
lipid soluble substances
exchange of water nutrients and other substances between the blood and interstitial fluid
diffusion
due to the weight of water pushing against a surface
force fluid and its dissolved substances through the capillary pores into interstitial space
hydrostatic forces
due to the attraction of water to larger molecules such as proteins (albumin)
also called plasma oncotic pressure
exerted by plasma proteins that are more abundant within the blood vessels than outside, this tends to attract water in from the interstitial space
osmotic pressure