5.6 Industrialization: Government's Role

Question 1

Corruption and unrest led to what Empire’s rapid decline in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire

Question 2

China grew weaker in the 19th century because of the Opium War and splitting in to many “spheres of influence”. What east asian coutnry grew stronger by struggling to maintain independence from the West?

Answer 2

Japan

Question 3

The Ottoman Empire ruled Egypt in name only, because it was practically ruled by what group of people?

Answer 3

The Mamluks

Question 4

When the Ottoman sultan sent an army to retake rule of Egypt, who took over control?

Answer 4

an Albanian Ottoman officer, Muhammad Ali.

Question 5

What did Muhammad Ali do in Egypt?

Answer 5

Muhammad Ali was elected governor by locals and took over rule. He instituted reforms, trying to remake Egypt in the European model, pushing it to industrialize and educating military officers.

Question 6

In 1853, Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into what country and requested trade privileges?

Answer 6

Japan

Question 7

What happened when Japan refused Matthew Perry trade privileges?

Answer 7

He came back the next year with a fleet of U.S. warships and Japan gave in to the trade demand.

Question 8

Reformers in Japan did not agree that Japan had appropriate levels of technology to defend itself from the West. What did they do?

Answer 8

Overthrew the shogun and restored power to the Emperor.

Question 9

What was the Meiji Restorian?

Answer 9

When Japanese reformers overthrew the shogun to push the country toward developing Western technology and methods so it could defend its traditional culture from the West.

Question 10

What seven things did Japan do to emulate European countries and improve itself?

Answer 10

1. abolished feudalism by the Charter Oath
2. established a constitutional monarchy (like Prussia).
3. established legal equality and outlawed cruel punishment
4. created a new school system and emphasized technological education
5. built railroads and roads.
6. subsidized industrialization.
7. reorganized the military to match the Prussian structure and instituted conscription.

Question 11

What were Zaibatsu?

Answer 11

Powerful Japanese family business organizations

Question 12

Investment from overseas helped promote Japanese technological innovation, but what often happened when the technology started flourishing?

Answer 12

It was sold to a Zaibatsu.

Question 13

In 1906, a Japanese carpenter founded the Toyoda Loom Works that made an automatic loom. What is this country called today?

Answer 13

Toyota Motor Company.

Question 14

When Japan industrialized, its factories created some of the same problems suffered by European and U.S. factories. What group of people notably suffered in factories?

Answer 14

Female mill workers were exploited and abused.