NUCLEIC ACID CHEMISTRY I Flashcards

1
Q

two types of nucleic acids

A

deoxyribonucleic acid
ribonucleic acid

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2
Q

monomers of a polymeric nucleic acid

A

nucleotide

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3
Q

nucleotides (monomer) connected by _____________ bonds to form nucleic acid (polymer)

A

phosphodiester bonds

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4
Q

sugar puckering

prevalent in RNA and a form of DNA

produces shorter phosphate-phosphate distance resulting in a more compact helical conformation

A

C3 pucker

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5
Q

sugar puckering

in B-form DNA

A

C2 endo

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6
Q

purines

A

adenine guanine

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7
Q

pyrimidine

A

cytosine
thymine
uracil

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8
Q

a base linked to a sugar without a phosphate group

___________ are named by changing the nitrogen base ending to -osine for purines and -idine for pyrimidines

A

nucleoside

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9
Q

a ______– is named using the name of the nucleoside followed by the phosphate group

A

nucleotide

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10
Q

the base composition of DNA generally _______ from one species to another

A

varies

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11
Q

DNA specimens isolated from different tissues of the same species have the ______ base composition

A

same base

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12
Q

the base composition of DNA in a given species does not _________- with an organism’s age, nutritional status or changing environment

A

change

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13
Q

a sequence that is read the same way in either direction

A

palindrome

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14
Q

when the inverted repeat occurs within each individual strand of DNA

A

mirror repeats

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15
Q

hoogsteen pairing

A

triplex DNA

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16
Q

occurs readily for DNA sequences with a very high proportion of guanosine residues

A

tetraplex

17
Q

tetraplex structure is involved in holding chromosome ends together during _________

A

mitosis

18
Q

when DNA is ___________ it winds around itself to form interwound supercoil

A

negatively supercoiled

19
Q

___________- supercoil (left hand direction), it coils around a protein core to form toroidal supercoil

A

positive

20
Q

in the case of eukaryotes

linear DNA complexed with _________- histones to form nucleosomes

A

histones

21
Q

in the case of eukaryotes

one nucleosome has ______________ histone molecules

A

8

22
Q

______ histone facilitates the coiling of the beaded fiber into higher order structures

A

H1