Chapter 1: The Human Organism Flashcards
anatomy & physiology is the study of the ____ and ____ of the human body
- structure
- function
relationship between structure & function
function _____ structure
structure _____ function
- reflects
- defines
scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body
anatomy
study of the body by systems
systemic anatomy
study of the organization of the body by areas
regional anatomy
study of the external features
surface anatomy
use of technologies that create pictures of internal structures
anatomical imaging
scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things
physiology
study of a specific organism, the human
human physiology
2 subdivisions of human physiology
- cellular physiology
- systemic physiology
study of physiological process among cells
cellular physiology
study of specific organ systems and its functions
systemic physiology
involves how atoms interact and combine into molecules
chemical level
fundamental units of matter
atoms
group of atoms held together by chemical bond
molecules
involves how organelles combine and form cells
cell level
basic structural unit and functional unit of organisms
cells
small structures of molecules that make up eukaryotic cells
organelles
involves how cells group together to form tissues
tissue level
group of similar cells and the materials surrounding them
tissues
involves how tissues interact and form organs
organ level
composed of two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common functions
organs
involves how a number of organs work together to function as an organ system
organ system level
group of organs classified as a unit because of a common function or set of function
organ system
- provides protection
- regulates temperature
- prevents water loss
- helps produce vitamin D
integumentary system
- provides protection and support
- allows body movements
- produces blood cells
- stores minerals and adipose tissue
skeletal system
- produces body movements
- maintains posture
- produces body heat
muscular system
detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions
nervous system
influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other functions
endocrine system
transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body
cardiovascular system
- removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph
- combats disease
- maintains tissue fluid balance
- absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract
lymphatic system
exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
respiratory system
performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
digestive system
removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
urinary system
- produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development
- produces milk for the newborn
- produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors
female reproductive system
- produces and transfers sperm cells to the female
- produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors
male reproductive system
involves how organ systems become mutually dependent with one another to form one fully-functional organism
organism level
any living thing considered as a whole
organism
specific relationship of the many individual parts of an organism interacting and working together
organization
ability to use energy to perform vital functions, such as growth, movement, and reproduction
metabolism