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Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

integument =

A

covering

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2
Q

the outside of the body, can easily observed and the appearance

A

Integumentary System

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3
Q

Functions of Integumentary System

A
  • Protection
  • Sensation
  • Vitamin D Production
  • Temperature Regulation
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4
Q

2 Major Tissue Layers of Skin

A
  • Epidermis
  • Dermis
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5
Q

most superficial layer of skin located upon the dermis that prevents water loss and resists abrasion

A

Epidermis

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6
Q

cells change shape and chemical composition

A

Keratinization

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7
Q

Two Types of Strata

A
  • Stratum Basale
  • Stratum Corneum
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8
Q

cuboidal/columnar cells that includes mitotic division in 19 days

A

Stratum Basale

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9
Q

Most superficial stratum of epidermis that is coated and surrounded by lipids

A

Stratum Corneum

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10
Q

layer of dense connective tissue and responsible for most of the skin’s structural strength

A

Dermis

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11
Q

These two are responsible for structural strength of the dermis

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic Fibers
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12
Q

when skin is overstretched

A

Stretch Marks

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13
Q

projections on the upper part of the dermis that contain many blood vessels arranged in parallel curving ridges

A

Dermal Papillae

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14
Q

delivers substances to the body by puncturing the skin

A

Injection

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15
Q

3 Types of Injection

A
  • Intradermal
  • Subcutaneous
  • Intramuscular
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16
Q

inserting a small needle at a shallow angle into the dermis

A

Intradermal Injection

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17
Q

Achieved by pinching the skin to form a tent and inserting a short needle into the adipose tissue of ST

A

Subcutaneous Injection

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18
Q

inserting a long needle at a 90-degree angle to the skin into a muscle deep to subcutaneous tissue

A

Intramuscular Injection

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19
Q

group of pigments prinarily responsuble for skin, hair and eye color that provides protection against UV light

A

Melanin

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20
Q

Melanin is produced by __ that are irregularly shapes cells with many long processes that extend between the epithelial cells

A

Melanocytes

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21
Q

move into the cell processes of melanocytes

A

melanosomes

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22
Q

produced by melanocytes

A

Melanin Production

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23
Q

____ stimulates melanocytes to increase melanin production

A

Suntan

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24
Q

recessive genetic trait that causes a deficits or an absence of melanin

A

Albinism

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25
cause an **increase in melanin production** during pregnancy in the mother
Estrogen and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones
26
Blood flow increase =
red color intensifies
27
Blood flow decrease =
pale skin
28
decrease in the blood O2 content produces a **bluish color** of the skin
Cyanosis
29
**yellow pigment** found in plants such as squash and carrots and also the source of Vitamin A
Carotene
30
Subcutaneous Tissue is aka.
hypodermis
31
- attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle and supplies it with blood vessels and nerves - a **loose connective tissue** including adipose tissue that contains about half of the body's stored lipids
Subcutaneous Tissue/Hypodermis
32
functions as **padding and insulation** in the subcutaneous tissue
Adipose Tissue
33
found **everywhere** on the skin, except on the palms, the soles, the lips, the nipples, parts of genitalia, and the distal segments of the fingers and toes
Hair
34
invagination of the epidermis that extends **deep into the dermis** and can play an important role in **repair of the skin**
Hair Follicle
35
associated with each hair follicle are **smooth muscle cells** called __ ___
Arrector pili
36
**above** the surface of the skin
Hair shaft
37
**below** the surface of the skin
Hair root
38
expanded **base** of the root
Hair bulb
39
a hair has a hard cortex which surrounds a **softer center** called ___
medulla
40
Cortex is covered by ____ that is a single layer of overlapping cells that **holds the hair in the hair follicle**
cuticle
41
An extension of the dermis that **protrudes into the hair bulb**
Hair Papilla
42
permanent loss of hair in men results in _____
pattern baldness
43
organ which **produces and releases substances** that perform a specific function in the body
Glands
44
Major Glands of the Skin
- Sebaceous Glands - Sweat Glands
45
simple, branched acinar glands where most are connected by a duct to the superfifical part of a hair follicle and **produces sebum**
Sebaceous Glands
46
Two Kinds of Sweat Glands
- Eccrine - Apocrine
47
located in almost every part of the skin but most numerous in the palms and soles and **produce a secretion that is mostly water with a few salts**
Eccrine Sweat Glands
48
- **produce a thick secretion** rich in organic substances - this sweat galds open into hair follicles, but only in the **armpits and genitalia**, also becomes active at puberty
Apocrine Sweat Glands
49
**thin plate** consisting of layers of dead stratum corneum cells that **contain a very hard type of keratin**
nails
50
**visible** part of the nail
nail body
51
part of the nail **covered** by skin
nail root
52
stratum corneum that **extends onto the nail body**
Cuticle
53
Cuticle is also called as
eponychium
54
the nail root extends distantly from the __ ___
nail matrix
55
small part of the nail and can ge seen through the nail body as a **whitish, crescent-shaped area** at the base of the nail
Lunula
56
the nail also attached to the underlying __ ___, which is located distal to the nail matrix
Nail Bed
57
Physiology of Integumentary System
- Protection - Sensation - Vitamin D Production - Temperature Regulation - Excretion
58
**inflammation** of hair follicles and sebaceous glands
Acne
59
4 Factors Responsible for Acne
- hormones - sebum - abnormal production of cells - bacterium Propionibacterium acnes
60
Integumentary as Diagnostic Aid
- Jaundice - Rashes and Lesions - Vitamin A Deficiency - Iron Deficiency - Hair
61
can occur when the **liver** is damagaed by a disease such as viral hepatitis
Jaundice
62
**can be symptoms** of problems elsewhere in the body
Rashes and Lesions
63
skin **produces excess keratin** and assumes a characteristic sandpaper texture
Vitamin A Deficiency
64
the **nails lose their normal contour** and become flat or concave
Iron Deficiency
65
**injury to a tissue** caused by heat, cold, friction, chemicals, electricity or radiation
Burns
66
involve **only the epidermis** and are *red and painful* where slight edemae or swelling may be present
First-Degree Burn
67
damage **both** the epidermis and dermis
Second-degree Burns
68
If dermal damage of a second-degree burn is minimal, symptoms include:
- redness - pain - edema - blisters
69
the **epidermis and dermis are completely destroyed** and recovery occurs from the edges of the burn wound
Third-Degree Burns or Full-Thickness Burns
70
Symptoms of Burn
- Tissue damage of skin and possibly deeper tissue - Edema - shock - microbial infection
71
Treatments of Burn
- intravenous fluids - high-protein, high-calorie diet - antimicrobials - debridement - skin grafts
72
most often associated with **exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light** from the sun and mostly develop on the face, neck or hands
Skin Cancer
73
Causes of Skin Cancer
- chemical - radiation - exposure to UV
74
a form of *electromagnetic radiation* that **comes from the sun and man-made resources** like tanning beds and welding torches
Ultraviolet Radiation
75
this type of UV radiation has **longer wavelengths**, penetrates the skin **more deeply** and causes most tanning of the skin and associated with the **development of malignant melanoma**
Ultraviolet A
76
this type of UV radiation has **shorter wavelengths** that primarily affects the **outer layer of the skin** and causes most burning of the skin and associated with the **development of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas**
Ultraviolet B
77
Three Main Types of Cancer
- Basal Cell Carcinoma - Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Malignant Melanoma
78
skin cancer that **begins with cells in the stratum basale** and extends into the dermis to producr an open ulcer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
79
a skin cancer that develops from cells **immediately superficial to the stratum basale** and these cells continue to divide as they produce keratin
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
80
a rare form of skin cancer that **arises from melanocytes**, usually in preexisting mole
Malignant Melanoma

Anaphy (10 decks)

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