5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy Flashcards
Labor Unions
Organizations of workers that bargain with employers for workers and put the results of bargaining into contracts.
Child Labor Reform in Britain
1843 - Children under 10 cannot work in coal mines.
1881- Education for children between agest of 5 and 10 is mandatory
Expansion of Voting Rights in Britain
1918 - All men can vote, regardless of property ownership
1928 - all women can vote
John Stuart Mill
A British philosopher who championed legal reforms to allow labor unions, limit child labor, and ensure safe working conditions. His ideas were controversial at the time, but they are now widely adopted in most industrialized nations.
Utilitarianism
Philosophy seeking the greatest good for the greatest amount of people. John Stuart Mill advocated for this philosophy. It became instrumental in reforming working conditions in the 1800s.
Karl Marx
German scholar who advocated “scientific socialism”. Thought capitalism was advanced feudalism, dividing society into two classes:
proletariat - working class people working for businesses with low compensation
bourgeoisie - middle class and investors who own the means of production
Marx wanted socialism to repace capitalism.
Sultan Mahmud II
- Reforming emperor of the Ottoman Empire.
- Abolished Janissaires and fuedal system (1826-1831)
- Stopped direct tax collection by military officers
Tanzimat
Reforms of the Ottoman Empire
* sultans created secular education system.
* created new laws making it easier for foreigners to do business in the Ottoman Empire
* Hatt-i Humayun, the Ottoman Reform Edict
Hatt-i Humayun, the Ottoman Reform Edict, regulated the millets. What were the millets?
Separate religious courts established by different religions communities.
Christians in the Balkans had their own courts.
Muslims had their own courts.
Neither liked reformed of the millets, because they felt their religious values were being compromised.
Who were “The Young Turks”
Turkish reformers exiled by Sultan Abdulhamid in the late 1800s.
Why was Sultan Abdulhamid known as “The Red Sultan”?
HIs government whipped up angery for minority groups. Between 1894 and 1896, over 100,000 to 250,000 Armenians were killed in the Hamidian massacres.
The Self-Strengthening Movement
The 19th century Chinese government’s plan for dealing with its external and internal problems.
Emperor Guangxu’s Hundred Days of Reform made what reforms in China?
- Abolition of the outdated civil service exam
- eliminate of corruption
- establishment of Western-style industrial, commerical, and medical system.