8.3 Effects of the Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

Proxy wars

A

When a major power fosters conflict between other countries but does always fight directly in the resulting war.

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2
Q

Where are some places the superpowers had proxy wars during the Cold War?

A

Korea
Vietnam
Cuba
Angola
Lots of Central American countries

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3
Q

Berlin Airlift

A

When the Soviets blockaded the western zones of Berlin to prevent movement of supplies by land, the Allies flew supplies in by air.

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4
Q

When A LOT of people in the eastern, communist parts of Berlin left for the western side of Berlin, what did the East German and Soviet governments do?

A

They built a wall in 1961. If you were caught trying to escape, you got shot.

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5
Q

What happened to Germany after the Soviet Blockade ended?

A

It split in half. West German became the Federal Republic of Germany, a mostly democratic, capitalist country. East Germany became the German Democratic Republic - a communist, not exactly democratic country.

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6
Q

NATO

A

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

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7
Q

What year was NATO founded?

A

1949

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8
Q

Western countries joined NATO to coordinate their defenses in case of a conflict with what country?

A

The Soviet Union

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9
Q

What was the Soviet Union’s response to NATO?

A

the Warsaw Pact

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10
Q

What was the “communist bloc”?

A

Communist countries belonging to the Warsaw Pact

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11
Q

Two countries had communist governments but did not submit to Soviet control or join the Warsaw Pact. What were they?

A
  1. Albania
  2. Yugoslavia
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12
Q

SEATO

A

Southeast Asia Treaty Organization - an alliance between U.K., Australia, NZ, Pakistan, Phillipines and the U.S. to stop the spread of communism into Southeast Asia

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13
Q

CENTO

A

Central Treaty Organization - an alliance between Great Britain, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism into the Middle East

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14
Q

How did the Korean War begin?

A

North Korea invaded South Korea in an attempt to reunite the country under its leadership.

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15
Q

Who led the United States troops in South Korea?

A

General Douglas MacArthur

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16
Q

What was the end result of the Korean War?

A

Stalemate. Three years of fighting and four million civilian and military deaths later, the two parts of Korea remained divided with a demilitarized zone in between.

17
Q

Why did U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower first send military advisors to South Vietnam to train the South Vietmanese army to prevent a communist takeover of Vietnam?

A

He was following the Truman policy of containment.

18
Q

Why did the United States keep escalating the amount of troops it was sending to Vietnam?

A

U.S. prestige around the world and the domino theory.

19
Q

Lyndon Johnson believed in the domino theory for Southeast Asia. What was he worried would happen if one country in Southeast Asia became communist?

A

Other Southeast Asian countries would follow and China and the Soviet Union would control Southeast Asia.

20
Q

In 1960, who took over rule of Cuba?

A

Fidel Castro and communist revolutionaries.

21
Q

Why was U.S. President John F. Kennedy especially concerned about Cuba becoming a communist country?

A

It is 90 miles off of the coast of Florida.

22
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

Cuban exiles wanted to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro.
JFK supported this but it ended up being a massive fail, cementing the alliance between Cuba and the Soviet Union.

23
Q

How did Soviet Premier Nikita Khruschev respond to the Bay of Pigs Invasion?

A

He shipped nuclear missiles to Cuba.

24
Q

Did the United States have any nuclear missles close to the Soviet Union?

A

Yes. In the summer of 1961, the United States placed nuclear missles in Turkey, a U.S. ally that shared a border with the Soviet Union.

25
Q

When Kennedy found out more missles were being shipped to Cuba in 1962, what did he do?

A

Kennedy ordered the U.S. Navy to form a blockade and prevent their delivery. He called the blockade a quarantine because “blockade” is considered to be an act of war.

26
Q

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis resolve?

A

Kruschev ordered the Soviet ships to come back. The United States removed its nuclear missles from Turkey.

27
Q

the Hot Line

A

a direct line between U.S. and Soviet leaderts for communication between the countries.

28
Q

Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty

A

Signed by the U.S., U.S.S.R. and over 100 other countries, the agreement outlawed testing nuclear weapons above ground, underwater, and in space.

29
Q

What two countries notably did not sign the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty?

A

France
China

30
Q

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1968

A

This treaty called on nuclear powers to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to countries without nuclear weapons.

31
Q

When Angola finally achieved independence in 1975, why was there so much enthic conflict in this southwestern African country?

A

The borders were made up by European colonial powers. The people inside were mostly made up of three distinct cultural groups and each one wanted control of the country’s lucrative diamond mines.

32
Q

Why was the civil war in Angola also a proxy war?

A

U.S. supported the Bangkogo tribe
U.S.S.R supported the Mbundu tribe
South Africa supported the Ovimbundu tribe.

33
Q

Where was the Contra War?

A

Nicaragua

34
Q

When the Sandinastas took over control of Nicaragua in 1979, why were they opposed by the United States?

A

The Sandinistas called themselves socialists.

35
Q

Two years after the Sandinistas took over Nicaragua, their conservative opponents started a civil war. What did these opponents call themselves?

A

Contras

36
Q

Who did the United States support in the Contra War?

A

Contras

37
Q

What did the antinuclear weapons movement oppose?

A

The creation, buildup, and possible use of nuclear weapons.

38
Q

What was the name of the Soviet premier who took power after Joseph Stalin died?

A

Nikita Kruschev

39
Q
A