17.1-17.2 Blood

Question 1

Life sustaining transport vehicle of the cardiovascular system; Only fluid in body, and type of connective tissue
Functions: Transport, Regulation, Protection

Answer 1

Blood

Question 2

blood sheet
Characteristics

Question 3

Nonliving fluid matrix of blood; Contains formed elements; Has dissolved fibrous proteins that become visible during clotting
Straw colored, many dissolved solutes

Answer 3

Plasma

Question 4

High O2

Answer 4

Scarlet red blood

Question 5

Low O2

Answer 5

Dark red blood

Question 6

Who typically has a higher blood volume? Male or female?

Answer 6

Male
(More muscle)

Question 7

What is the typical pH of blood?

Answer 7

7.35-7.45

Question 8

1. Erythrocytes
2. Leukocytes
3. Platelets
   Found in blood; survive in bloodstream only for a few days; originate in bone marrow and do not divide

Answer 8

Formed elements

Question 9

Percent of blood volume that is RBCs
Males - 47%
Females - 42%
Calculation = RBCs/total blood vol.

Answer 9

Hematocrit

Question 10

1. Plasma (top) 55%
2. WBCs and platelets in (buffy coat) <1%
3. Erythrocytes (bottom) 45%

Answer 10

3 Layers of spun blood

Question 11

What does a large increase in white blood cells mean?

Answer 11

Infection

Question 12

Too much loss of RBCs; Sign of a problem
Symptoms: fatigue, pallor, chills
Three reasons: Blood loss, not enough RBC production, too many RBCs being destroyed

Answer 12

Anemia

Question 13

Too many RBCs

Answer 13

Thick blood

Question 14

AKA Red blood cells
Small diameter cells that contribute to gas transport, some are larger than capillaries; Biconcave disc, no nucleus, no organelles

Answer 14

Erythrocytes

Question 15

Functions in oxygen transport in blood; Heme pigment bound to protein globin; Gives blood red color
Can bind to 4 O2 molecules
Binds reversibly to gas (Oxygen)

Answer 15

Hemoglobin (Hb)

Question 16

Plasma membrane protein in RBCs that provide flexibility to change shape

Answer 16

Spectrin

Question 17

Formation of blood cells; Occurs in red marrow

Answer 17

Hematopoiesis

Question 18

Where new blood cells enter

Answer 18

Blood sinusoids

Question 19

Process of formation of RBCs

Answer 19

Erythropoiesis

Question 20

Formation of white blood cells

Answer 20

Leukopoiesis

Question 21

A.k.a hemocytoblasts
Stem cells that gives rise to all formed elements
Hormones and growth factors push cell towards pathway of blood cell development
Committed cells cannot change

Answer 21

Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 22

Deficiency in amount of oxygen; Caused by lowered RBC numbers due to hemorrhage or increased destruction, insufficient Hb, or reduced available oxygen

Answer 22

Hypoxia

Question 23

Balance between RBC production and destruction depends on ______ and _______

Answer 23

Diet, hormone control

Question 24

Hormone that stimulates formation of RBCs
Always a small amount in blood to maintain basal rate of RBC production
Released by kidneys in response to hypoxia; Enhanced by testosterone

Answer 24

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 25

Can erythrocytes synthesize new proteins, grow, or divide?

Answer 25

No; anucleate (no nucleus)

Question 26

Yellow pigment that heme is degraded into during erythrocyte destruction

Answer 26

Bilirubin

Question 27

Mutated hemoglobin; Crescent shaped erythrocytes when O2 is low Rupture easily, blocks small vessels Poor O2 delivery, pain Positive: Do not contract malaria easily (1 copy=safe, 2 copies=SCA)

Answer 27

Sickle cell anemia

Question 28

Abnormal excess of RBCs, increases blood viscosity, causing sluggish blood flow

Answer 28

Polycythemia

Question 29

White blood cells; Only formed element that is complete cell with nuclei and organelles Function: Defense against disease Make up <1% of blood volume

Answer 29

Leukocytes

Question 30

Abnormally low WBC count

Answer 30

Leukopenia

Question 31

Increased WBC count Normal response to infection

Answer 31

Leukocytosis

Question 32

WBCs that contain visible cytoplasmic granules Neutrophils, Basophils, Eosinophils

Answer 32

Granulocytes

Question 33

WBCs that don't have visible cytoplasmic granules Monocytes, Lymphocytes

Answer 33

Agranulocytes