18.3 Coronary Circulation

Question 1

Functional blood supply to heart muscle; Shortest circulation in body
Delivered when heart is relaxed
Left ventricle receives most blood
Coronary arteries and veins

Answer 1

Coronary circulation

Question 2

Runs towards left side of heart; Has two branches:
1. Anterior interventricular artery
2. Circumflex artery
Supplies arterial blood to heart

Answer 2

Left coronary artery

Question 3

Runs to right side of heart; Has two branches:
1. Right marginal artery
2. Posterior interventricular artery

Answer 3

Right coronary artery

Question 4

Arise from aorta and supply arterial blood to heart

Answer 4

Coronary arteries

Question 5

Collect blood from capillary beds
3 types: great, middle, small cardiac veins
Several anterior veins empty into anterior of heart

Answer 5

Cardiac veins

Question 6

Empties into right atrium, formed by merging of cardiac veins

Answer 6

Coronary sinus

Question 7

Thoracic pain caused by fleeting deficiency in blood delivery to myocardium
Cells are weakened

Answer 7

Angina pectoris

Question 8

Prolonged coronary blockage
Also referred to as heart attack
Areas of cell death are repaired with non contractile scar tissue

Answer 8

Myocardial infarction

Question 9

Double-walled sac that surrounds heart
Made of two layers:
1. Fibrous
2. Serous

Answer 9

Pericardium

Question 10

Inflammation of the pericardium
Roughness membrane surfaces, causing pericardial friction rub (creaking sound)

Answer 10

Pericarditis

Question 11

Excess fluid that leaks into pericardial space
Can compress heart’s pumping ability
(Downton abbey ep.)
Treatment: fluid is drawn out of cavity

Answer 11

Cardiac tamponade

Question 12

Problems with the heart present at birth

Answer 12

Congenital heart defects

Question 13

Superior part of interventricular septum fails to form; Allows blood to mix between the two ventricles
More blood shunted from left to right because left ventricle is larger

Answer 13

Ventricular septal defect

Question 14

When part of aorta is narrowed; Increasing the workload of the left ventricle

Answer 14

Coarctation of aorta

Question 15

Four defects of heart:
1. Narrow pulmonary trunk
2. Hypertrophied RV
3. Ventricular septal defect
4. Aorta opens from both ventricles

Answer 15

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 16

Opening that connects atria

Answer 16

Foramen ovale

Question 17

Connects pulmonary trunk to aorta
Turns into ligamentum arteriosum

Answer 17

Ductus arteriosus

Question 18

Tether that holds aorta and pulmonary trunk closer together (remnant of ductus arteriosus from fetal circulation)

Answer 18

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 19

Remnant of foramen ovale

Answer 19

Fossa ovalis

Question 20

Pressure greater in atria
_____ to let blood flow

Answer 20

AV valves open

Question 21

Pressure greater in ventricles
_______ so blood doesn’t reverse flow into atria

Answer 21

AV valves closed

Question 22

Period of contraction

Answer 22

Systole

Question 23

Period of relaxation

Answer 23

Diastole

Question 24

Sound of closing a AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole

Answer 24

“Lub”

Question 25

Sound of closing SL valves at beginning of ventricular diastole

Answer 25

"Dup"

Question 26

The action of listening to sounds from heart, lungs, or other organs

Answer 26

Auscultation

Question 27

True or False? Right valves close slightly before left valves

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Abnormal heart sounds heard when blood hits obstructions Usually indicate valve problems

Answer 28

Heart murmurs

Question 29

Valve fails to close completely and is insufficient allowing for backflow of blood Blood backflows so heart re-pumps same blood over and over Causes swishing sound

Answer 29

Incompetent (insufficient) valve

Question 30

Stiff valves constrict opening, so valve fails to open completely, restricting blood flow through valve "Stent" needed to open up valve Causes high pitched sound or clicking as blood is forced through narrow valve Heart required to exert more force

Answer 30

Stenotic valve

Question 31

Supplies left atrium and posterior walls of left ventricle with blood Inferior to left coronary artery

Answer 31

Circumflex artery

Question 32

Serves the myocardium of the lateral right side of heart

Answer 32

Right marginal artery

Question 33

Runs to heart apex and supplies the posterior ventricular walls Near the apex of heart, this artery merges with the anterior interventricular artery

Answer 33

Posterior ventricular artery

Question 34

Supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Answer 34

Anterior ventricular artery