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A and P II > 22.1-22.3 Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

22.1-22.3 Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

The combination of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system
Functions:
1. Delivers oxygen
2. Removes carbon dioxide

A

Cardiopulmonary system

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2
Q
  1. Supplies body with O2 for cellular respiration
  2. Disposes CO2, waste product of cellular respiration
  3. Olfaction
  4. Speech
    Closely coupled with circulatory system
A

Respiratory system

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3
Q

Movement of air in and out of lungs
Aka - Breathing

A

Pulmonary respiration

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4
Q

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood

A

External respiration

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5
Q

Exchange of O2 and CO2 between systemic blood vessels and tissues

A

Internal respiration

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6
Q

Part of O2 and CO2 in blood

A

Transport

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7
Q

System that consists of nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx

A

Upper respriratory system

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8
Q

Only external portion of respiratory system
Functions: provides airway for respiration, moistens and warms entering air, filters and cleans inspired air, serves as resonating chamber for speech, houses olfactory receptors
Has external nose and nasal cavity

A

Nose

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9
Q

Bounded laterally by alae
Hole in nose
Aka - nares

A

Nostrils

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10
Q

Root, bridge, dorsum nasi, and apex

A

External nose

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11
Q

Found within and posterior to external nose
Divided by nasal septum
Lined by mucous membranes
Functions: filters air, warms air, moistens air, voice resonance

A

Nasal cavity

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12
Q

Septum formed anteriorly by septal cartilage, and posteriorly by vomer bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

A

Nasal septum

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13
Q

Part of posterior nasal apertures Opening where nasal cavity turns into nasopharynx

A

Choanae

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14
Q

Formed by ethmoid bone and sphenoid bone

A

Roof

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15
Q

Formed by hard plate and soft plate

A

Floor

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16
Q

Nasal cavity superior to nostrils

A

Nasal vestibule

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17
Q

Lines superior region of nasal cavity and contains olfactory epithelium

A

Olfactory epithelium

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18
Q

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Contains goblet cells and rests on lamina propria that contains many seo mucous membranes

A

Respiratory mucosa

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19
Q

Have cells that secrete mucus and cells that secrete watery fluid filled with enzymes
Cilia sweep dust and particles up towards throat

A

Seromucosa nasal glands

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20
Q

Mucosa covered projections that protrude medially from each lateral wall of nasal cavity
Three sections

A

Nasal conchae

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21
Q

Funnel shaped muscular tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
Composed of skeletal muscle

A

Pharynx

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22
Q

Air passageway posterior to nasal cavity
Takes over job of propelling mucus where the nasal mucosa leave off
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Nasopharynx

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23
Q

Passageway for food and air from level of soft palate to epiglottis
Lining consists of stratified squamous epithelium
Resists trauma from food and friction

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

Opening to oral cavity

A

Isthmus of fauces

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25
Passageway for food and air Posterior to upright epiglottis Made of stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx
26
Zone in lower resp. Site of gas exchange - pulling o2 from lungs and putting it into blood Contains alveoli, alveolar ducts Begins at respiratory bronchioles
Respiratory zone
27
Zone of lower resp. Conduits that transport gas to and from gas exchange sites Cleanses, warms, and humidifies air Includes: Lobar bronchi, lobes of lungs (left 2, right 3)
Conducting zone
28
Inferior to pharynx; Provides patent airway, routes air and food into proper channels, voice production Made of hyaline cartilage (except epiglottis)
Larynx
29
Consists of elastic cartilage; Covers laryngeal inlet during swallowing; Covered in taste buds
Epiglottis
30
Opening between vocal folds
Glottis
31
Superior to true vocal cords No part in sound production False Helps close glottis when swallowing
Vestibular folds
32
True vocal cords Inferior to false cords Pitch is determined by length and tension of cords Loudness depends on air force
Vocal folds
33
Inflammation of vocal folds that causes the vocal folds to swell, interfering with vibrations Speaking is limited to a whisper
Laryngitis
34
Windpipe Wall has three layers: 1. Mucosa 2. Submucosa 3. Adventitia
Trachea
35
True or false Smoking inhibits and destroys cilia
True
36
Reinforces trachea at its branchpoint
Carina
37
Consists of smooth muscle fibers that connect posterior parts of cartilage rings Type of muscle
Trachealis
38
Bronchus branching
Bronchial tree
39
Wider, shorter, and more vertical than left primary bronchi
Right primary bronchi
40
Third division of bronchi
Segmental bronchi
41
<1 mm in diameter of a branch
Bronchioles
42
<0.5 mm diameter of branch
Terminal bronchioles
43
Sites of gas exchange Surrounded by elastic fibers and pulmonary capillaries
Alveoli
44
Blood air barrier Consists of alveolar walls and capillary walls along with their fused basement membranes
Respiratory membranes
45
Single layer of squamous epithelium Type I alveolar cells
Alveolar walls
46
Connect adjacent alveoli Equalize air pressure throughout lung
Alveolar pores
47
Where nerve fibers enter the lungs
Pulmonary plexus
48
Cause bronchoconstriction
Parasympathetic fibers
49
Cause bronchodilation
Sympathetic fibers
50
Found on mediastinal surface; Site of entry and exit of blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels into lungs
Hilum
51
Concavity for heart to fit into
Cardiac notch
52
Smaller than right because of heart position Superior and inferior lobes separated by oblique fissure
Left lung
53
Separated into superior, middle, inferior lobes Lobes separated by horizontal and oblique fissure
Right lung
54
Independent subsections of the lobes of a lung 10 on right 8-10 on left
Bronchopulmonary segments
55
Elastic connective tissue that makes the lungs stretchy and spongy
Stroma
56
Smallest subdivisions of lung to naked eye
Lobules
57
Provide oxygenated blood to lung tissue (minus alveoli) High pressure, low volume
Bronchial arteries
58
Thin, double layered serosal membrane that divides thoracic cavity into two pleural compartments and mediastinum
Pleurae
59
Membrane that touches thoracic wall
Parietal pleura
60
Membrane that covers lungs
Visceral pleura
61
Fills pleural cavity; Provides lubrication and surface tension that assists in expansion and recoil of lungs
Pleural fluid
62
Inflammation of pleura that often results from pneumonia Stabbing pain with each breath May produce excess amounts of fluid, which exerts extra pressure on lungs, hindering breathing
Pleurisy
63
Pressure exerted by air surrounding the body 760 mmHg
Atmospheric pressure
64
Complete or partial lung collapsing Resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange Causes: pneumothorax, fluid in pleural cavity
Atelectasis
65
Collapsed lung due to air in pleural cavity
Pneumothorax
66
Increased alveolar surface tension which leads to collapsing of alveoli Uses lots of energy Common in premature babies
Infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS)
67
Exchange of O2 and CO2 between lungs and blood
External respiration
68
Too few RBCs or abnormal or too little Hb
Anemic hypoxia
69
Impaired or blocked blood circulation Often causes stroke
Ischemic hypoxia
70
Cells are unable to use O2, in metabolic poisons (cyanide)
Histotoxic hypoxia
71
Abnormal ventilation; pulmonary disease, low levels of oxygen in the air
Hypoxemic hypoxia
72
Hb has a 200x greater affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen From fires
Carbon monoxide poisoning
73
Where neurons that control breathing are located
Medulla oblongata
74
Airway becomes inflamed and leads to bronchospasms Coughing, wheezing, chest tightness
Asthma
75
Irreversible ability to force air out of lungs Smoking in 80% is common Ex. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
76
Labored breathing
Dyspnea
77
Low concentration of blood oxygen
Hypoxemia
78
Insufficient ventilation, causes CO2 retention
Hypoventilation
79
Excess CO2 in blood makes it acidic
Respiratory acidosis
80
Bacteria contained in nodules in lungs Infectious lung disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis Spread via coughing "Cloudy lungs"
Tuberculosis
81
Leading cause of cancer in North America 90% from smoking Cilia become paralyzed, irritants and pathogens accumulate Complete removal of lung is best
Lung cancer

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