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A and P II > Reproductive System (Males) > Flashcards

Reproductive System (Males) Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Sex cells
Sperm and ova

A

Gametes

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2
Q

Ducts, glands, and external genitalia

A

Accessory reproductive organs

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3
Q

Sperm producing male gonads that lie within the scrotum
Surrounded by two tunics: Tunica vaginalis, tunica albuginea
Separated into 250 lobules with seminiferous tubules

A

Testes

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4
Q

Sac of skin and superficial fascia
Hangs outside abdominopelvic cavity
Temperature outside of body is 3 degrees lower, which helps for sperm production
Temp is constant

A

Scrotum

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5
Q

Smooth muscle, wrinkles scrotal skin; pulls scrotum closer to body

A

Dartos muscle

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6
Q

Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate testes

A

Cremaster muscles

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7
Q

Outer layer of testes tunic derived from peritoneum
White in color

A

Tunica vaginalis

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8
Q

Inner layer of testes tunic which forms fibrous capsule

A

Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Site of sperm production
Converge to make straight tubule
Epithelium = thick, stratified, contains spermatogenic cells embedded in sustentocytes

A

Seminiferous tubules

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10
Q

Sperm forming cells

A

Spermatogenic cells

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11
Q

Cells surrounding each seminiferous tubule
Smooth muscle-like cells that may squeeze sperm and testicular fluids out of testes

A

Myoid cells

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12
Q

Support cells for spermatogenic cells

A

Sustentocytes

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13
Q

Genetic region of sperm that includes nucleus and helmet-like acrosome

A

Head

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14
Q

Contains hydrolytic enzymes that enable sperm to penetrate egg

A

Acrosome

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15
Q

Metabolic region of sperm containing mitochondria that produce ATP to move tail

A

Midpiece

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16
Q

Locomotor of sperm that includes flagellum

A

Tail

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17
Q

Cells within seminiferous tubules located in soft tissue surrounding seminiferous tubules
Produce androgens (testosterone)
Secrete it into interstitial fluid

A

Interstitial endocrine cells

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18
Q

Sperm production hormone

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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19
Q

Testosterone secretion hormone

A

Luteinizing hormone (LT)

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20
Q

Hormone that stimulates fetal and adolescent reproductive development in males, musculoskeletal growth, sperm production, and libido

A

Testosterone

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21
Q

Straight tubule –> rete testis –> efferent ductules –> epididymis

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A

Pathway of sperm

22
Q

Where non-motile sperm are stored until ejaculation, become motile
Slow, approx. 20 days
Can be stored for months
Made of head, body, tail

23
Q

Where testicular veins arise; Surround each testicular artery
Veins keep testes cool and absorb heat from arteries

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A

Pampiniform venous plexus

24
Q

Encloses nerve fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics that supply testes

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A

Spermatic cord

25
When do testes migrate towards scrotum?
2 months prior to birth
26
Failure of testes to make their normal descent Causes sterility and increases risk of testicular cancer Surgery is performed during early childhood
Cryptorchidism
27
Rare, common in men age 15-35 Having mumps that lead to orchitis (inflammation of testis) could be a risk factor Signs: painless, solid mass in testis 90% cured by surgical removal
Testicular cancer
28
Male copulatory organ; External genitalia Root, shaft, ends in glans penis Made of spongy urethra, 3 cylindrical bodies of erectile tissue, spongy network of connective tissue, smooth muscle
Penis
29
Foreskin of the penis Cuff of loose skin covering glans penis
Prepuce
30
Tissue that surrounds urethra and expands to form glans and bulb
Corpus spongiosum
31
Paired dorsal erectile tissue
Corpus cavernosum
32
Proximal ends of corpora cavernosa surrounded by ischiocavernosus muscle Anchors penis to pubic arch
Crura
33
Diamond shaped region between pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities Suspends scrotum Contains root of penis and anus
Male perineum
34
Contains microvilli that absorb testicular fluid and pass nutrients to stored sperm
Duct of epididymis
35
Upper portion of epididymis Contains efferent ductules and is located on superior aspect of testis
Head (Epididymis)
36
Located on posterolateral area of testis
Body and tail (Epididymis)
37
Tube that passes through inguinal canal to pelvic cavity; Expands to form ampulla Joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct Smooth muscle in walls propels sperm from epididymis to urethra
Vas deferens
38
Cutting and ligating ductus deferens Nearly 100% effective
Vasectomy
39
Conveys both urine and semen 3 regions: 1. Prostatic urethra - surrounded by prostate 2. Intermediate part of urethra - urogenital diaphragm 3. Spongy urethra - runs through penis, opens at external urethral orifice
Urethra
40
Seminal glands Prostate Bulbo-urethral glands
Male accessory glands
41
On posterior bladder surface Contains smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation Produces seminal fluid Duct joins ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct
Seminal glands
42
Viscous, alkaline fluid Composed of fructose, citric acid, coagulating enzyme, prostaglandins Yellow pigment fluoresces with UV light 70% volume of semen
Seminal fluid
43
Pea-sized glands inferior to prostate Produce thick, clear mucus during sexual arousal Lubricates glans penis Neutralize traces of acidic urine in urethra
Bulbo-urethral glands
44
Encircles urethra inferior to bladder Size of peach pit Consists of smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation
Prostate
45
Milky, slightly acid Contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate specific antigen (PSA) Enters prostatic urethra during ejaculation Makes up one third of semen volume
Prostate fluid
46
Second most common cause of cancer death in males Digital exam screening, PSA levels examination Treatment: surgery
Prostate cancer
47
May be age related Distorts urethra Treatment: surgery, but newer options also exist like drugs to shrink the prostate
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
48
Milky white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions Contains fructose for ATP production, protects and activates sperm, facilitates sperm movement Alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidity of male urethra and female vagina Enhances sperm motility
Semen
49
Enlargement and stiffening of penis Erectile tissue fills with blood, causing penis to enlarge and become rigid
Erection
50
Propulsion of semen from male duct system Spinal reflex: 1. Bladder sphincter muscle constricts, preventing expulsion of urine 2. Ducts and accessory glands contract and empty their contents 3. Muscles of perineum undergo rapid series of contractions that cause expulsion of semen
Ejaculation

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