23.1-23.10 Digestive System

Question 1

Membrane on external surface of most digestive organs

Answer 1

Visceral peritoneum

Question 2

Membrane that lines body wall

Answer 2

Parietal peritoneum

Question 3

Fluid filled space between two peritoneums

Answer 3

Peritoneal cavity

Question 4

Inflammation of peritoneum
Caused by piercing of abdominal wound, perforating ulcer, ruptured appendix
Treatment: Debris removal, antibiotics

Answer 4

Peritonitis

Question 5

Located outside or posterior to the peritoneum
Includes: pancreas, duodenum, parts of large intestine

Answer 5

Retroperitoneal organs

Question 6

Oral cavity

Answer 6

Mouth

Question 7

Anterior opening of mouth

Answer 7

Oral orifice

Question 8

Type of cells that resist abrasion and food

Answer 8

Strat. squamous epithelium

Question 9

Median attachment of each lip to gum

Answer 9

Labial frenulum

Question 10

Mixture of food and saliva
Initiation of swallowing, speech, and taste

Answer 10

Bolus

Question 11

Sensory organs for taste; Located on tongue papillae

Answer 11

Taste buds

Question 12

Cleanses mouth, dissolves food chemicals for taste, moistens food

Answer 12

Saliva

Question 13

Enzyme that breaks down starch at mouth

Answer 13

Amylase

Question 14

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

Answer 14

Lingual lipase

Question 15

Inflammation of parotid glands via mumps virus
Can spread by saliva

Answer 15

Mumps

Question 16

Process of chewing that tears and grinds food into smaller fragments

Answer 16

Mastication

Question 17

Chisel shaped teeth for cutting

Answer 17

Insisors

Question 18

Fanglike teeth that tear or pierce

Answer 18

Canines

Question 19

Broad crowns with rounded cusps used to grind or crush

Answer 19

Premolars

Question 20

Broad crowns with rounded cusps
Best grinders

Answer 20

Molars

Question 21

Milk teeth or baby teeth
20 total
6-24 months

Answer 21

Deciduous teeth

Question 22

Deep lying, enlarged teeth that erupt around 6-12 years
32 total

Answer 22

Permanent teeth

Question 23

Ratio of upper to lower teeth for only half of mouth

Answer 23

Dental formula

Question 24

Calcified connective tissue
Covers root of tooth

Answer 24

Cement

Question 25

Pointed, projecting part of crown

Answer 25

Cusp

Question 26

Ceramic like material that covers crown and bears force of chewing

Answer 26

Enamel

Question 27

Forms fibrous joint gomphosis of mouth Anchors tooth in bony socket

Answer 27

Periodontal ligament

Question 28

Flat muscular tube that runs from laryngopharynx to stomach Collapsed when not involved in food propulsion Pierces stomach at esophageal hiatus

Answer 28

Esophagus

Question 29

Sphincter that keeps orifice closed when food is not being swallowed

Answer 29

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Question 30

Stomach acid regurgitation into esophagus Aka - acid reflux Can be caused by excess food/drink, extreme obesity, pregnancy, running

Answer 30

Heart burn

Question 31

Structural abnormality where part of stomach protrudes above diaphragm

Answer 31

Hiatal hernia

Question 32

Swallowing 2 phases: 1. Buccal phase - V 2. Pharyngeal-esophageal phase - I

Answer 32

Deglutition

Question 33

Folds of stomach interiorly

Answer 33

Rugae

Question 34

Temporary storage organ that starts chemical breakdown of protein digestion Can expand to 4000 mL

Answer 34

Stomach

Question 35

Stomach cell that secretes thin acidic mucus

Answer 35

Mucous neck cells

Question 36

Stomach cell that secretes HCl and intrinsic factor Activates pepsin; Largest cell, rugged edges

Answer 36

Parietal cells

Question 37

Stomach cell that secretes pepsinogen (activated to pepsin), pepsin, lipase Located at bottom of gastric gland

Answer 37

Chief cells

Question 38

Stomach cell that secretes serotonin, histamine, and hormones

Answer 38

Enteroendocrine cells

Question 39

Protects stomach from harsh digestive conditions

Answer 39

Mucosal barrier

Question 40

Anything that breaches mucosal barrier and causes inflammation in stomach wall Erosions of tissues, leads to inflammation of peritoneum, hemorrhage Caused by helicobacter pylori

Answer 40

Ulcer