2 Amino acids Flashcards
(86 cards)
0
Q
A-
Non polar
A
Ala-Alanine- has 3 carbons
1
Q
G-
Non polar
A
Gly- glycine- only non chiral AA
2
Q
V-
Non polar
A
Val- Valine- branched chain AA
3
Q
L-
Non polar
A
Leu-Leucine- branches chain AA
4
Q
I-
Non polar
A
Ile- isoleucine- branched chain AA
5
Q
P-
Non polar
A
Pro- Proline- only non flexible AA
6
Q
M-
A
Met- Methionine- sulfur AA
7
Q
Amino acids with methyl group as side chain
A
Alanine
8
Q
Amino acids forms ring with Nitrogen and side group
A
Proline
9
Q
F-
Aromatic
A
Phe- Phenylalanine
Aromatic AA
10
Q
Y-
Aromatic
A
Tyr- tyrosine- has an OH group
11
Q
W-
Aromatic
A
Trp- Tryptophan
Largest letter and tryptophan. Is the largest AA
12
Q
One letter code for phenylalanine
A
F
13
Q
S-
Polar uncharged
A
Ser- Serine- alcohol group
14
Q
T-
Polar uncharged
A
Thr- threonine- alcohol group
15
Q
C-
Polar uncharged
A
Cys- cysteine- sulfur group
16
Q
N-
Polar uncharged
A
Asn- asparagine- amide of Asp
- has amide group so this shows N group
17
Q
Q-
Polar uncharged
A
Gln- Glutamine- Amide of Glu
18
Q
D-
Negatively charged
A
Asp- Aspartate “asparDick acid”
19
Q
E-
Negative charged
A
Glu-glutamate
20
Q
K-
Positively charges
A
Lys- Lysine- amine side group
21
Q
R-
Positively charges
A
Arg-arginine- guanadino side group
22
Q
H-
Positively charged
A
His- Histidine- neutral at pH 7.4, negatively charged only at more acidic pH’s
23
Q
Most amino acids are composed of:
A
L- amino acids
24
What is zwitterion ?
A molecule with equal numbers of positive and negative charges at the same time
25
What is the side group on G?
-H
26
Which of the following amino acids is aromatic?
F
27
Which amino acid is the most abundant in our blood?
Glutamine
28
What is the one letter code for the aromatic amino acid with the largest molecular weight?
W
29
Which of the following amino acids has an acidic side group?
E
30
The amino acid S has an alcohol on it side group
T
31
What is the one letter abbreviation for tryptophan?
W
32
C has a side group of
Sulfur
33
D has a side group of
Acid
34
F has a side group of
Aromatic
35
K has a side group of
Basic
36
Which amino acid has a hydrogen as it site group?
Glycine
37
At what pH with glycine make a good buffer
2.34
38
At what pH would there be about a 50 to 50 make sure of glycine with a zero charge and glycine with a -1 charge?
9.60
39
For the peptide EHWAGLRPG, what is the closest charge at pH 7.4?
0
40
What is the configuration of the citrulline shown in the attached image
L
41
At pH of eight, what is the closest charge that would be on histidine?
0
42
At pH of four, what is the closest charge that would be on histidine?
+1
43
What pH would there be about a 50:50 ratio of lysine with a positive one charge in the zero charge?
2.34
44
What is the PI for glycine
5.97
45
At what pH with glycine make a good buffer?
9.60
46
DNA has a phosphoric acid backbone, which is why DNA is called deoxyribonucleic acid. At the pH of cells, do you need to be in it's phosphate state and that's very negatively charged. DNA is wrapped around histone proteins, which are very positively charged. What amino acids would you expect to be providing those positive charges?
H, K, and R
47
Glycine has pKa's of 2.34 and 9.69. At what pH is glycine fully proton acted?
Less than 2.34
48
Glycine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
H****
```
Glycine
49
Alanine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH3*****
```
Alanine
50
Proline structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
C
/ \.
H2N+ CH2*
l l
*H2C--- CH2*
```
Proline
51
Valine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+- C -H
l
CH*
/ \
CH3* CH3*
```
Valine
52
Leucine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2*
l
CH*
/ \
CH3 CH3*
```
Leucine
53
Isoleucine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
H- C- CH3*
l
CH2*
l
CH3*
```
Isoleucine
54
Methionine structure
Non polar aliphatic
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2*
l
CH2*
l
S*
l
CH3*
```
Methionine- sulfur bases and non polar
55
Phenylalanine structure
Aromatic r groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
---------
/ \
\_________/
```
Phenylalanine (rings make them more polar)
56
Tyrosine structure
Aromatic R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
---------
/ \
\_________/
l
OH
```
Tyrosine***most polar****
57
Tryptophan structure
Aromatic R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
C= CH
l \
l NH
l____/
---------
/ \
\_________/
Tryptophan
```
58
Serine structure
Polar uncharged R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2OH**
```
Serine
59
Threonine structure
Polar, uncharged R group
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
H- C- OH*
l
CH3*
```
Threonine
60
Cysteine structure
Polar, uncharged R group
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
SH
```
61
Asparagine structure
Polar, uncharged r groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
C
/ \
H2N O
```
Asparagine
62
Glutamine structure
Polar, uncharged R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
C
/ \\
H2N O
```
Glut amine
63
Aspartate structure
Negatively charged R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2**
l
COO-**
```
Aspartate
64
Glutamate structure
Negatively charged R groups
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2**
l
CH2**
l
COO-**
```
Glutamate
65
Lysine structure
Positively charges
```
COO-
l
H3N-C-H
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
+NH3
```
Lysine - Always + charged
66
Arginine structure
Positively charged
```
COO-
l
H3N-C-H
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
CH2
l
NH
l
C=+NH2
l
NH2
```
Arginine - always positive amino acid
67
Histidine structure
Positively charged
```
COO-
l
H3N+-C-H
l
CH2
l
C----NH
ll \
ll CH
ll //
C-----N
H
```
Histidine- sometimes positive when in acidic environment
68
Which two amino acids are the only two that carry a negative charge at pH 7.4?
Aspartate and glutamate
69
What is the pH at which one have 10 times more of the acidic or basic form of the drug aspirin?
pKa=3.5
pH=pKa+ log 10( base/ acid)
pH= 3.5 + log10(1/10)
2.5
70
How many acids are nonpolar?
10 non polar
Glycine, alanine, valine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, methionine, proline, leucine, Isoleucine.
GAVPTTMPLI
71
How many amino acids are polar?
10 amino acids are polar
Serine, cysteine threonine, lysine, arginine, histidine, asparagine, glutamine, aspartate, glutamate.
SCYLAHAGAG
72
How do you calculate charges on proteins?
You find the charges of each amino acid in total them up to be the total charge of the protein.
Arginine +1,
Aspartate -1,
glutamate -1,
Lysine has +1
Histidine sometimes +1 at pH less than 6
73
What happens when 2 Cysteine molecules pair together?
The S amino acid undergoes spontaneous oxidation reaction with oxygen.... Forms a
Disulfide bridge- 2 cysteine a link together
74
Desmosome
Made up of 4 lysines and creates a central ring
Large cross-link within the protein to make it stronger. These are found in protein elastin which are found in our skin.
75
Amino acids can act as a buffer within
1 pH unit of its pKa
76
The pI is the pH at which a titratable molecule has
No charge. This is called the isoelectric point.
77
The definition of pI is?
The form that has no net charge
78
At the pK1 the amino acid is:
A 50:50 mixture of protonated vs deportenated carboxylate group
79
What are the two nonstandard amino acids?
Ornithopter and Citrulline
80
Which molecular mutation best describes the defect in sickle cell hemoglobin?
Glu➡️Cal at position 6 of the beta chain
81
Most amino acids will be in what confirmation
Left confirmation
82
Determine the L and D structures by comparing to:
L and D glyceraldehyde molecule
```
CHO
l
HO- C- H
l
CH2OH
L- Glyceraldehyde
For the R, just switch the H and OH sides
```
83
What is a zwitterion?
```
It is a molecule that has both positive and negative charges make it ionic but it is also neutral because these charges cancel each other out.
O
ll
-O-- C
l
H3N+--C-H
l
R
Zwitterion
```
84
Sickle cell anemia is when:
The -Glu➡️Val (neutral) on position #6 of the beta chain.
Sickle cell causes fibers to turn into Crystal forms and these cause they sell to sickle out.
The cell becomes less negatively charged which makes it less water soluble because it is also less polar.
85
Electrophoresis of sickle cell hemoglobin
The normal hemoglobin will move faster towards a positively charged electrode because the negative is attracted to positive. The sickle cell hemoglobin will move slower towards the positively charged electrode because the sickle cell hemoglobin is less negatively charged so it won't move this quickly.
