Chapter 2 Fed State

Question 0

Triglycerides are digested down to —— in the—–

Answer 0

Digested down to glycerol and three fatty acid in the small intestine

Question 1

Complex carbohydrates are digested down to——– in the——-

Answer 1

Digested down to simple sugars(glucose) in the mouth and small intestines

Question 2

Proteins are digested down to———- in the——-

Answer 2

Digested down to free amino acids in the stomach and small intestine

Question 3

Glucose starts off absorbed in the intestinal lining and is absorbed by

Answer 3

Glucose enters the blood and induces the pancreas to secrete insulin

Question 4

Triglycerides are free-floating fat in the intestines that are released to—-and get turned into—-

Answer 4

Released to circulatory system

Intestinal cells absorb free fatty acid and reassemble them as triglycerides into particles called chylomicrons

Question 5

Proteins starting off in the intestines is turned into

Answer 5

Protein is turned into amino acids and the free amino acids into the blood

Question 6

In the Fed state, absorption in the gut has what concentrations

Answer 6

⬆️ insulin

⬇️glucagon

Question 7

What to tissues do not need insulin to absorb glucose and will continue to absorb available glucose at all times

Answer 7

The brain

Red blood cells

Question 8

In the Fed state, what does the brain do

Answer 8

The brain uses glucose almost exclusively and burns most of it all the way to carbon dioxide and water

Glucose➡️Acetyl CoA➡️TCA➡️ CO2 and H2O Or ATP

Question 9

In the Fed state, the red blood cells

Answer 9

The red blood cells use glucose almost exclusively but since they don’t have mitochondria they burn it only as far as pyruvate then converted to lactate

Glucose➡️puruvate➡️lactate

Question 10

Muscles in the Fed state will do what

Answer 10

Glucose is absorbed into muscle only when insulin permits the entry

Muscle will use glucose when there’s plenty of it because glucose increases insulin and insulin is required to absorb glucose into the muscle

Question 11

Active muscle burns glucose to

Answer 11

Aerobically - CO2

Glucose➡️Acetyl CoA➡️ TCA➡️CO2 and H2O or ATP

anaerobic-glucose ➡️lactate

Non active muscle :
Glucose ➡️Glycogen

Question 12

Non-active muscle will do what with glucose

Answer 12

Stores glucose as glycogen when muscle is not being used

Question 13

In the liver glucose is used

Answer 13

Glucose can freely enter and leave the liver that can only be used by the liver when insulin is high

It needs insulin in order to do something with the glucose

Question 14

In the liver the amino acids

Answer 14

Amino acids are taken up so liver can produce its own proteins the excess amino acids are converted to fat

Question 15

The glucose in the liver can go three different pathways

Answer 15

Glucose➡️acetyl CoA ….turns into (1)TCA or (2)Triglycerides

1. Glucose➡️️Acetyl CoA➡️TCA cycle ➡️ CO2 and H2O or ATP
2. Glucose➡️Acetyl CoA➡️triglycerides(fat) ➡️ VLDL(cholesterol)
3. Glucose➡️glycogen

Question 16

What is a chylomicron

Answer 16

Form of triglyceride

Question 17

Chylomicrons and VLDL meet up and do you what in the Fed state

Answer 17

Chylomicrons from the intestines and VLDL from the liver (FA+glycerol) are released by liquid particles at the surface of adipose tissue

Question 18

The fatty added acid are taken into the adipose tissue and

Glucose is taken into the adipose tissue and

Answer 18

Absorbed fatty acids are reassembled and stored as triglycerides

Insulin promotes the uptake of glucose in the conversion of glycerol for Triglyceride fat synthesis

Puts it all back in together again inside adipose tissue as triglycerides

Question 19

Fat cells can take in what

Answer 19

Fat cells can take excess glucose directly and converted into fat

Question 20

Under what influence does the adipose tissue you take in glucose

Answer 20

Glucose is taken up by the adipose tissue under the influence of insulin

however insulin is only use for synthesis of glycerol which is added to fatty acid’s to make triglycerides inside adipose tissue for storage

Question 21

Most tissues in the Fed state take up

Answer 21

Most tissues take up free amino acids as well as glucose and fats

1 option:Amino acids➡️protein synthesis OR to make important compounds
2nd option: Amino acids➡️️TCA Cycle➡️ATP and CO2+H2O
*muscles prefer to burn glucose first if it is available

Question 22

Red blood cells most only do what process

Answer 22

Red blood cells do glycolysis and use glucose for energy

Question 23

Triglycerides are digested into which components

Answer 23

Fatty acid same glycerol

Question 24

When glucose enters the blood how does this affect the pancreas

Answer 24

It increases the release of insulin

Question 25

Which particles carry fat in the blood after absorb room of day

Answer 25

Chylomicron

Question 26

Which biomolecules is used as fiel by the red blood cells

Answer 26

Glucose

Question 27

Glucose is absorbed by muscle under which condition

Answer 27

When insulin is high

Question 28

In the fed state what occurs

Answer 28

Insulin is high
Glycogen synthesis
Fat synthesis
Protein synthesis
Brain uses glucose
Muscle uses glucose

Question 29

In the Fed state where is energy being stored

Answer 29

Organs like the liver. Muscle, and adipose tissue

Question 30

️TCA means

Answer 30

Triacylglycerols