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24-Motor5-Eye Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

ballistic movement

A

once initiated, cannot be modified

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2
Q

Fovea is ___ mm wide on retina, covers about ___ degrees of central vision

A

2,2

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3
Q

Why are saccades necessary?

A
  • Have to reposition fovea to sample important parts of image
  • But eye needs to be stationary to resolve clear image
  • Therefore saccades move as quickly as possible then freeze
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4
Q

Approximate duration of saccades

A

20-50 ms

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5
Q

Peak velocity scales with saccade ___

A

amplitude

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6
Q
A

true

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7
Q

Chain of descending saccade control (x5)

A
  1. Cerebral cortex (voluntary saccade command of direction and amplitude)
  2. Superior colliculus (reflexive saccades, head movements)
  3. Brainstem saccade generator (computes commands for individual muscles)
  4. Motor neurons (abducens, oculomotor, trochlear nuclei)
  5. Eye muscles (horiz: medial,lateral rectus; vert: superior, inferior retus)
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8
Q
A

false

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9
Q

Site of translation from abstract saccade direction/amplitude to individual muscle signals

A

Brainstem saccade generator

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10
Q

Cranial nerves involved in saccade output

A
  • abducens
  • oculomotor
  • trochlear
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11
Q

Eye muscles of horizontal movement

A

medial and lateral rectus

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12
Q

Eye muscles of vertical movement

A

superior and inferior rectus

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13
Q

Superior rectus activation leads to ___ of eye

A

elevation

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14
Q

Inferior rectus activation leads to ___ of eye

A

depression

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15
Q

Medial rectus activation leads to ___ of eye

A

adduction

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16
Q

Lateral rectus activation leads to ___ of eye

A

abduction

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17
Q

Motor nucleus of superior rectus

A

oculomotor

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18
Q

Motor nucleus of medial rectus

A

oculomotor

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19
Q

Motor nucleus of inferior rectus

A

oculomotor

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20
Q

Motor nucleus of lateral rectus

A

abducens

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21
Q

Regions in cortical eye fields (x3)

A
  • frontal eye fields (FEF)
  • lateral intraparietal (LIP)
  • supplementary eye fields (SEF)
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22
Q

FEF

A

frontal eye fields

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23
Q

LIP

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A

lateral intraparietal (aka posterior parietal cortex)

24
Q

SEF

Study These Flashcards
A

supplementary eye fields

25
Regions involved in saccade control within brainstem (x3)
- saccade pattern generators - pontine reticular formation (horiz comp) - mesencephalic reticular formation (vert comp)
26
PPRF
(paramedian) pontine reticular formation
27
Pontine reticular formation is involved in
horizontal saccade component
28
riMLF
mesencephalic reticular formation (aka rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus)
29
Mesencephalic reticular formation is involved in
vertical saccade component
30
[True/false]: A lesion in either the FEF or SC will abolish saccades
false, lesion in both is required for complete abolishment
31
FEF neurons are spatially tuned for saccade ___ and ___
direction, amplitude
32
Preferred saccade of FEF neuron, definition
saccade associated with maximum activity of a single FEF neuron
33
Movement field of FEF neuron, definition
range of saccades for which single FEF neuron is active
34
[Inferior/superior] colliculus is involved in saccade control
superior
35
deep layers of superior colliculus are involved in
saccade control
36
superficial layers of superior colliculus are involved in
visual processing
37
[True/false]: superior colliculus controls/processes *contralateral* saccades and visual info
true
38
[True/false]: visual and saccade maps are aligned in superior colliculus
true
39
Rightward saccade: Which regions of control are on left side vs. right side of brain?
Right (ipsilateral-ish): - PPRF - abducens nucleus - lateral rectus activation Left (contralateral-ish): - cortical eye fields - superior colliculus - oculomotor nucleus - medial rectus activation
40
Upward saccade: What regions are involved?
- Cortical eye fields - Superior colliculus - riMLF - Oculomotor nucleus - superior/inferior rectus
41
Two components of saccade
pulse and step
42
Types of neurons involved in saccade generation
- burst neurons (drive pulse of saccade) - tonic neurons (neural integrator, control eye position) - omnipause neurons (high firing rate, suppresed for every saccade, located in dorsal raphe)
43
Location of omnipause neurons
dorsal raphe nucleus
44
Role of substantia nigra (pars reticulata) in saccades
GABAergic, projects to superior colliculus, tonically inhibits saccades (gating function)
45
Role of caudate nucleus in saccades
Excited by cortical input, project to substantia nigra (pars reticulata), GABAergic, causes a pause in nigra firing
46
Purpose of smooth pursuit
to track moving visual target
47
[True/false]: smooth pursuit uses visual feedback
true
48
[True/false]: smooth pursuit possible on verbal command without visual target
false
49
Tracking of an imagined object involves [smooth pursuit / saccades]
saccades only
50
Tracking of own finger in dark involves [smooth pursit / saccades]
combination of both? Definitely smoother than tracking imagined object, but not as smooth as tracking visible object
51
Chain of descending smooth pursuit control (x5)
1. cerebral cortex (voluntary smooth pursuit command) 2. pontine nuclei (relay into cerebellum) 3. Cerebellar flocculus (area of cerebullum that is required for smooth pursuit) 4. Vestibular nuclei (output to motor nuclei for eye muscles) 5. Abducens/oculomotor nuclei
52
Areas of cortex involved in SmPu motor commands (x2)
FEF and SEF
53
[True/false]: Without the cerebellum (flocculus) SmPu cannot occur
true
54
Cerebellar ___ is involved in saccades
vermis
55
Cerebellar ___ is involved in smooth pursuit
flocculus

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