38-SpeechAndLanguage Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

loss of language

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2
Q

prosody

A

fluency, rhythm

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3
Q

paraphasia

A

substitition of incorrect sounds

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4
Q

neologism

A

made up word

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5
Q

dysarthria

A

inability to speak

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6
Q

Wada test

A

test to determine dominant hemisphere
inject anesthetic into internal carotid to anesthetize one half of brain

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7
Q

neural correlates of handedness (x3)

A
  • more fibers from left than right at pyramidal decussation
  • more fibers from right pyramid do not cross
  • more corticospinal fibers project to right ventral horn
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8
Q

Speech centers are primarily in [left/right] hemisphere

A

left (in majority of population)

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9
Q

location of broca’s area

A

left frontal cortex, rostral to premotor and motor cortices

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10
Q

function of broca’s area

A

association area for motor cortical areas that control mouth, tongue, larynx, and pharynx

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11
Q

domage to broca’s area causes ___ aphasia

A

non-fluent

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12
Q

symptoms of non-fluent aphasia (x7)

A
  • speech reduced to only most important words
  • agramatical speech
  • little spontaneous speech
  • poor repetition
  • normal comprehension
  • patients are aware of problems with speech
  • similar problems writing and ASL
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13
Q

location of Wernicke’s area

A

left superior temporal and inferior parietal lobes

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14
Q

function of wernicke’s area

A

auditory association cortex

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15
Q

damage to Wernicke’s area causes ___ aphasia

A

fluent

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16
Q

symptoms of fluent aphasia (x8)

A
  • fluent spontaneous speech
  • poor comprehension of spoken or written words
  • inability to carry out commands
  • can’t understand own speech
  • frequent parahpasias, can be incomprehensible
  • prosidy often normal
  • patient can be unaware of errors
  • poor repetition
  • similar problems with written words
17
Q

function of arcuate fasciculus

A

connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas

18
Q

damage to arcuate fasciculus causes ___ aphasia

A

conduction

19
Q

symptoms of conduction aphasia (x7)

A
  • fluent speech
  • paraphasias
  • problems finding words
  • patient can be aware of errors
  • comprehension very good
  • can follow complex instructions
  • repetition poor (speaking or writing)