28-CranialNerves

Question 1

G__

Answer 1

general - distributed through the whole body

Question 2

S__

Answer 2

special - restricted area of the body (eg taste buds)

Question 3

V

Answer 3

visceral - visceral, taste, smell

Question 4

S

Answer 4

somatic - supplying structures in body wall, eg skin, muscle, joints

Question 5

__A

Answer 5

afferent

Question 6

__E

Answer 6

efferent

Question 7

GSA

Answer 7

general somatic afferent - pain, touch, temperature

Question 8

SVA

Answer 8

special visceral afferent - smell, taste

Question 9

GVA

Answer 9

general visceral afferent - mechanoreceptors, nociceptors in viscera

Question 10

GSA cranial nerves (x4)

Answer 10

V (trigeminal), VII (vestibolocochlear), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

Question 11

SVA cranial nerves (x4)

Answer 11

I (olfactory), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

Question 12

GVA cranial nerves (x3)

Answer 12

VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

Question 13

GVE

Answer 13

general visceral efferent - autonomic, parasympathetic

Question 14

GVE cranial nerves (x4)

Answer 14

III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus)

Question 15

GSE

Answer 15

general somatic efferent - motor neurons

Question 16

GSE cranial nerves (x4)

Answer 16

III (oculomotor), IV (trochlear), VI (abducens) – eye movement
XII (hypoglossal) – tongue

Question 17

SVE

Answer 17

special visceral efferent - also motor neurons, but embryologically different (functionally identical to GSE)

Question 18

SVE - cranial nerves (x5)

Answer 18

V (trigeminal), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), X (vagus), XI (accessory)

Question 19

Olfactory nerve - nerve classification

Answer 19

SVA

Question 20

Optic nerve - nerve classification

Answer 20

SSA

Question 21

Oculomotor nerve - nerve classifications (x2)

Answer 21

• GSE: eye movement (adduction, elevation, depression, rotation), lifting eyelid
• GVE: ciliary muscle (near vision) and pupillary sphincter (constrict pupil)

Question 22

Disorders:
Eye deviated down and out

Answer 22

Problem with CN III (oculomotor)
- down = unopposed action of superior oblique from CN IV
- out = unopposed action of latractus from CN VI

Question 23

Disorders:
dilated pupil

Answer 23

Problem with CN III
due to unopposed action of sympathetic

Question 24

Disorders:
Diplopia (double vision)

Answer 24

Problem with CN III

Question 25

Trochlear nerve - nerve classification

Answer 25

GSE

Question 26

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN IV

Answer 26

- can't look down while looking nasally - head tilted, chin tucked toward contralateral side (to compensate for torsion on eye from lack of sup. oblique)

Question 27

Trigeminal nerve - nerve classifications (x2)

Answer 27

- GSA: pain, temp, touch on face, in nasal and oral cavities, teeth, gums, cornea, and anterior 2/3 of tongue, and closing eyelid - SVE - muscles of mastication and tensor tympani

Question 28

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN V (x4)

Answer 28

- weakness (in muscles of mastication) - anesthesia (no sensation on face, etc.) - loud noise (unable to dampen loud sounds) - blink reflex decreased or abolished

Question 29

Abducens nerve - nerve classification

Answer 29

GSE (lateral rectus muscle)

Question 30

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN VI Eye is deviated ___

Answer 30

medially

Question 31

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN VI pupil is ___

Answer 31

normal

Question 32

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN VI diplopia [yes/no]

Answer 32

yes

Question 33

Facial nerve - nerve classifications (x5)

Answer 33

- SVA: solitary nucleus -> solitary tract -> taste buds (anterier 2/3 of tonge) - GSA: spinal nucl of V -> spinal tract of V -> outer ear touch, pain - GVA: solitary nucleus -> solitary tract -> mechanoreceptors of nasopharynx - GVE: lacrimal glands, submandibular gland, sublingual gland - SVE: brachiomeric, muscles of facial expression and stapedius

Question 34

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN VII (x4)

Answer 34

- muscle weakness (in facial expression) - dry eye - lacking taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue - blink (corneal) reflex abolished

Question 35

vestibulocochlear nerve - nerve classification

Answer 35

SSA

Question 36

glossopharyngeal nerve - nerve classifications (x5)

Answer 36

- SVA: taste buds on posterior 1/3 of tongue - GSA: mechanosensation on outer ear and posterior 1/3 of tongue - GVA: mechanoreceptors on pharynx, tonsis, palate, baroreceptors on carotid sinus, chemoreceptors on carotid body - GVE: parasympathetic, carotid gland - SVE: nucleus ambiguus -> stylopharyngeus muscle (involved in speech)

Question 37

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN IX (x3)

Answer 37

- reduced gag reflex - no taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue - no somatic sensation on posterior 1/3 of tongue, palate, tonsils, pharynx

Question 38

vagus nerve - nerve classifications (x5)

Answer 38

- SVA: taste buds on epiglottis (wanes over lifetime) - GSA: ear - GVA: mechanoreceptors and nociceptors in larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera, baroreceptors on aortic arch, chemoreceptors on aortic bodies - GVE: thoracic and abdominal viscera, heart - SVE: larynx (speech), pharynx, palate

Question 39

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN X (x5)

Answer 39

- weak, raspy voice - can't cough forcefully - palate pulled toward intact side during 'aah' - reduced gag reflex - dysphagia

Question 40

spinal accessory nerve - nerve classification

Answer 40

SVE: trapezius and sternoclydomastoid

Question 41

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN XI

Answer 41

- absent/weak elevation of ipsilateral shoulder - impaired rotation of chin away from injured side

Question 42

hypoglossal nerve - nerve classification

Answer 42

GSE: nonbrachiomeric, tongue

Question 43

Disorders: Symptoms of damage to CN XII

Answer 43

- deviation of tongue toward damaged side - fasciculation of tongue 'bag full of worms' - atrophy of tongue