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Nsci > 32-BodyTemp > Flashcards

32-BodyTemp Flashcards

1
Q

homeothermic

A

organism that regulates body temperature internally (eg humans)

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2
Q

poikilothermic

A

organism that regulates body temperature externally (eg reptiles)

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3
Q

primary source of heat loss

A

skin

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4
Q

secondary source of heat loss

A

lungs

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5
Q

primary source of heat production

A

cellular metabolism

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6
Q

sympathatic vasomotor response to decrease in environmental temperature

A

NE -> alpha adrenergic R -> vasoconstriction of cutaneous arterioles

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7
Q

sympathatic vasomotor response to increase in environmental temperature

A

ACH ->
-> vasodilation of cutaneous arterioles
VIP ->

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8
Q

VIP

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide

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9
Q

sympathetic effector of sweating

A

ACH -> incr sweat production

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10
Q

endocrine effector of cellular metabolism

A

thyroid hormone -> incr cellular metabolism -> incr heat production

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11
Q

neural effector of shivering-induced thermogenesis

A

ACH (not sympathetic) -> asynchronous skeletal muscle contraction (both extensors and flexors)

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12
Q

neural effector of BAT thermogenesis

A

postganglionic sympathetic: NE -> beta-3 adrenergic R -> incr in UCP

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13
Q

endrocrine effector of BAT thermogenesis

A

thyroid hormone

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14
Q

UCP

A

uncoupling protein

uncouples glucose oxidation from ATP production, produces heat instead

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15
Q

fiber type of cold receptors

A

A-delta

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16
Q

fiber type of warm receptors

A

C

17
Q

cold transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in periphery

A

TRPM8 - DRG and trigeminal, menthol, <27 deg C

18
Q

heat transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in periphery

A

TRPV3 - keratinocytes, DRG (low), brain and tongue, 33-40 deg C

19
Q

Peripheral pathway of pain and temperature

A

spinothalamic tract

20
Q

Peripheral pathway for thermoregulation

A

spino-parabrachial pathway

21
Q

Site of thermoregulation control in hypothalamus

A

Anterior hypothalamus/preoptic area

22
Q

heat transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in hypothalamus

A

TRPV4 - found in OVLT and medial preoptic; responds to 25-35 deg C, osmolality

23
Q

Fever produced by

A

endogoneous pyrogens, released by macrophages in response to bacterial or viral particles

24
Q

endogenous pyrogens - examples

A

cytokines: interleukin-1,-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha

25
Q

Endogenous pyrogens act on

A

neurons in anterior hypothalamus / preoptic area

26
Q

Mechanism of action of pyrogens

A

act on cytokine receptors in AH/POA -> incr. induction of COX-2 -> incr. formation of prostaglandins (esp. PGE_2)

27
Q

COX-2

A

cyclooxygenase-2, induced by pyrogens acting on cytokine receptors, leads to prostaglandin formation

28
Q

Mechanism of NSAIDs in reducing fever

A

NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Block COX-2 activity -> decr. PGE_2

29
Q

Cytokines cross blood brain barrier via

A

circumventricular organs:

  • median eminence
  • area postrema
  • pineal
  • subfornical organ
  • -* organum vasculosum of the lamina terminals (OVLT) - located near POA of hypothalamus
30
Q

OVLT

A

organum vosculosum of the lamina terminals (OVLT) - site of BBB crossing of cytokines

31
Q

Site of action of PGE in POA

A

temperature-insensitive (I) neurons and warm (W) neurons

32
Q

Role of DMH in thermoregulation

A 
DMH=dorsal medial hypothalamus
Receives inhibitory (GABAergic) projections from warm neurons in AH/POA
Sends excitatory (glutaminergic) projections to sympathetic premotor neurons in raphe nucleus
33
Q

Role of raphe pallidus in thermoregulation

A

Raphe pallidus neurons in medulla
Receive direct inhibitory (GABAergic) input from warm neurons in AH/POA
Send excitatory project to IML of spinal cord -> activate sympathetic vasomotor response

Nsci (18 decks)

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