29-AutonomicNS1 Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Primary functions of autonomic nervous system
A
- maintain homestasis
- coordinate bodily functions necessary for survival (eg monitoring food and water, comsumption/retention of fluids, removal of waste products)
- prepare body for normal and life-threatening stress
2
Q
Three cell types controlled by autonomic nervous system
A
- smooth muscle
- heart muscle
- glands
3
Q
Somatic output from the CNS is ___, autonomic output is ___ ([monosynaptic/disynaptic])
A
monosynaptic, disynaptic
4
Q
Final common pathway of somatic motor neuron is located in [CNS/PNS]
A
CNS
5
Q
Final common pathway of autonomic motor neuron is located in [CNS/PNS]
A
PNS
6
Q
A
true, in autonomic ganglion
7
Q
Two main divisions of autonomic outflow
A
sympathetic and parasympathetic
8
Q
[sympathetic/parasympathetic] coordinates response to stress (fight or flight)
A
sympathetic
9
Q
[sympathetic/parasympathetic] coordinates vegetative activities (rest/digest)
A
parasympathetic
10
Q
pre-ganglionic neuron located in [CNS/PNS]
A
CNS
11
Q
post-ganglionic neuron located in [CNS/PNS]
A
PNS
12
Q
A
true
13
Q
A
false, instead there are continuous degradations of output from both
14
Q
Basic differences in peripheral organization of sympathetic vs parasympathetic divisions (x3)
A
- location of preganglionic/postganglionic cell bodies
- relative lengths of pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic axons
- neurotransmitters and receptors used at end organs
15
Q
‘Thoraco-lumbar outflow’ refers to [sympathetic/parasympathetic] division
A
sympathetic
16
Q
‘Cranial sacral outflow’ refers to [sympathetic/parasympathetic] division
A
parasympathetic
17
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
pre-ganglionic cell bodies located in ___
A
interomediolateral (IML) cell collumn T1-L3
18
Q
IML
A
interomediolateral
19
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
post-ganglionic cell bodies located in ___
A
sympathetic ganglia
20
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
Two types of sympathetic ganglia
A
- paravertebral ganglia (near/along vertebral column, fused into continous sympathetic chain)
- preverterbral ganglia (short distance from spinal cord, eg cervical, celiac, and mesenteric ganglia)
21
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
3 possible trajectories for preganglionic axons going to ganglia
A
- synapse on post-ganglionic cell in paravertebral ganglion at same level
- travel up/down paravertebral ganglia before synapsing
- pass through paravertebral ganglia, synapse in prevertebral ganglia
22
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
3 examples of prevertebral ganglia
A
- cervical
- celiac
- (superior/inferior) mesenteric
23
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
Ganglionic transmission is ___
A
nicotonic cholinergic
24
Q
Sympathetic ANS:
Pre ganglionic neurons release neurotransmitter ___
A
ACH
25
Sympathetic ANS:
Post-ganglionic neurons have ___ receptors
nicotinic
26
[True/false]: significant integration and modulation occurs in the sympathetic ganglia
true
27
Sympathetic ANS:
End organ transmission (postganglionic axon to organ) is ___
catecholaminergic
28
Sympathetic ANS:
Most post-ganglionic axons release neurotransmitter ___
NE
29
Sympathetic ANS:
Target organs contain ___ (x2) receptors
alpha and beta adrenergic
30
Sympathetic ANS:
exception to norm: some sympathetic post-ganglionic release ___, such as ___ (x2)
ACH, sweat glands, blood vessels in skeletal muscle
31
Adrenal [cortex/medulla] is part of sympathetic division
medulla
32
[True/false]: secretory cells in adrenal medulla are equivalent to post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons
true
33
Cells in adrenal medulla are innervated by [pre-ganglionic/post-ganglionic] sympathetic axons
pre-ganglionic (an exception to the rest of the system)
34
Cells in adrenal medulla secrete ___ into ___
catecholamines (90 percent Ep, 10 percent NE), into blood
35
[True/false]: adrenal output augments sympathetic neural activity
true
36
CA
catecholamines
37
Two main effects of CA release into blood
- stimulate glycogenolysis and lipolysis (incr blood glucose, incr blood free fatty acids)
- decrease blood clotting times
38
Two main classes of adrenergic receptors
- alpha receptors
- beta receptors
39
Alpha receptors order of sensitivity to (Epi,Isoproterenol,NE)
NE > Epi >> Isoproteronol
40
Beta receptors order of sensitivity to (Epi,Isoproterenol,NE)
Iso >= Epi >> NE
41
Effect of alpha receptor activation: causes smooth muscle to [contract/relax]
contract
42
Effect of beta receptor activation: causes smooth muscle to [contract/relax]
relax
43
What two main factors determine organ response to sympathetic activation?
- relative amounts of NE and Epi delivered to organ
- relative numbers of alpha and beta receptors in organ
44
Parasympathetic ANS:
Two main sources of pre-ganglionic neurons
- cranial nerve nuclei of the brainstem (GVEs)
- sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) at levels S2-S4
45
SPN
sacral parasympathetic nucleus
46
Parasympathetic ANS:
Cranial nerve nuclei (and their corresponding CN) supplying pre-ganglionic neurons (x5)
- edinger westphal (III)
- superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus (VII)
- inferior salivatory nucleus (IX)
- dorsal motor vagus (X)
- nucleus ambiguus (X)
47
SPN of parasympathetic is in a similar location in the ___ cord as ___ of sympathetic is in ___ cord
sacral, IML, thoracic
48
Parasympathetic ANS:
Peripheral ganglia (x4)
- ciliary (pupillary constrictor and ciliary muscles)
- pterygopalatine (lacrimal glands, palatal, pharyngeal, nasal mucous glands)
- submandibular (submandibular, sublingual, oral mucous glands)
- otic (parotid glands, oral mucous, glands)
49
Parasympathetic ANS:
Systems that terminal ganglia terminate in (x5)
- respiratory system
- circulatory system
- digestive system
- urinary system
- reproductive system
50
Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in Edinger Westphal nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___
CN III, ciliary ganglion, eye
51
Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in superior salivatory (lacrimal) nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___
CN VII
Pre-ganglionic to pterygopalatine, submandibular ganglia
Post-ganglionic to lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual glands
52
Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in inferior salivatory nucleus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___
CN IX (or lesser petrosal nerve??)
pre-ganglionic to otic ganglion
post-ganglionic to parotid gland
53
Parasympathetic ANS:
Neurons starting in dorsal motor nucleus and nucl. ambiguus travel through CN ___, terminate in ___, which then innervate ___
CN X
ganglia located on walls of individual target organs
post-ganglionic to heart, stomach, esophagus, intestines, etc.
54
Parasympathetic ANS:
Ganglionic transmission is ___
nicotinic cholinergic
55
Parasympathetic ANS:
Pre-ganglionic neurons release ___
ACH
56
Parasympathetic ANS:
Post-ganglionic cells have ___ receptors for ___
nicotonic, ACH
57
[True/false]: significant integration and modulation occurs in the parasympathetic ganglia
true
58
Parasympathetic ANS:
End organ transmission is ___
muscarinic cholinergic
59
Parasympathetic ANS:
Most post-ganglionic axons release ___
ACH
60
Parasympathetic ANS:
Target organs contain ___ receptors
muscarinic
61
[True/false]: enteric is the third division of autonomic outflow from CNS
false, is not autonomic outflow
62
[True/false]: enteric system has approximately the same number of neurons as the spinal cord
true
63
Enteric ANS:
Estimated number of cells
10^8
64
[True/false]: enteric system can act independently of ANS innervation
true
65
Enteric ANS:
Main functions (x4)
gut motility, digestion, absorption, and secretion
66
Enteric ANS:
Two neural plexuses within wall of gut
- myenteric plexus
- submucosal plexus
67
Enteric ANS:
Functions of myenteric plexus
- motor neurons that control contractions of smooth muscle
- also many sensory neurons and interneurons
68
Enteric ANS:
Function of submucosal plexus
regulates secretory activity of mucosa
69
[True/false]: gut motility movements are reflexive
true
70
Parasympathetic division [incr./decr.] gut motility by innervating ___
increases, excitatory motorneurons in gut
71
Sympathetic division [incr./decr.] gut motility by innervating ___
decreases, mostly inhibitory interneurons (and some motorneurons)
