History Spring Final Exam

Question 0

Which social contributing factors were the most significant in the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 0

Decline in interest in public affairs; low confidence in empire; disloyalty, lack of patriotism, corruption; contrast between rich and poor; decline in population due to disease and food shortage

Question 1

Which political contributing factors were the most significant in the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 1

Political office seen as a burden, not reward; military interference in politics; civil war and unrest; division of empire; moving capital Byzantium.

Question 2

Which economic contributing factors were the most significant in the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 2

Poor harvests; disruption of trade; no more war plunder; gold and silver drain; inflation; crushing tax burden; widening gap between rich and poor and increasingly impoverished Western Europe

Question 3

Which military contributing factors were the most significant in the fall of the Western Roman Empire?

Answer 3

Threat from the Northern European tribes; low funds for defense; problems recruiting Roman citizens; recruiting of non-citizens; decline of patriotism and loyalty among soldiers

Question 4

What were some of Justinian’s achievements?

Answer 4

Ruled almost all the territory that Rome had ever rules; established the Justinian code; rebuilt Constantinople with a 14-mile stone wall all along the city’s coastline; built the Hagia Sophia

Question 5

What is the Justinian code?

Answer 5

A single uniform legal code consisting of four works: The code-nearly 5,000 ancient Roman laws; The digest-legal opinions; The institutes- textbook for law students; The Novellae-new laws passed after 534

Question 6

What types off laws are in the Justinian code?

Answer 6

Regulated whole areas of Byzantium life: marriage slavery, property, inheritance, women’s rights, ad criminal justice

Question 7

What differences are there between modern law codes (California Legal Code) and the Justinian Code?

Answer 7

Modern Laws codes are much more thorough and detailed than the Justinian code

Question 8

What similarities are there between modern law codes (California Legal Code) and the Justinian Code?

Answer 8

Both codes deal with issues of property, marriage, crime, and individual rights.

Question 9

What were thee important issues dividing the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches?

Answer 9

Roman Catholic: Divorce not permitted, Pope has ultimate authority, services conducted in Latin, Priests may not marry.

Eastern Orthodox: Divorce permitted, Church headed by a group, services conducted in greek or local language, priests may be married.

Question 10

What areas of Law did the code of 1649 cover?

Answer 10

Protecting the church and the leaders, crimes against the church, punishments for theft and slander, selling and producing goods

Question 11

Why were the Archangels Michael and Gabriel popular subjects for Russian religious art?

Answer 11

Gabriel foretold to Mary the birth of Jesus and Michael defeated Satan in the final battle of the bible (Revelation)

Question 12

What achievements/controversies was Ivan “The terrible” known for?

Answer 12

He was abused by the boyars (wealthy) until he was 15, acquired vast amounts of land through ruthless means, created a Centralized Government, standardized a law code.

Question 13

What achievements/controversies was Peter “the Great” known for?

Answer 13

He modernized Russia, created a Navy, created a secular (non-religious) schools, introduced territorial divisions and local administration to Russia.

Question 14

What is secure about life as a serf?

Answer 14

Rarely traveled more than 25 miles from their own manor, produced nearly everything they needed for daily life, grew their own crops, lived in a hut on the Lord’s manor.

Question 15

How is life limited for serfs?

Answer 15

Could not legally leave the place they were born, owed the lord certain duties: few days of labor for The Lord, tended the lord’s land, everything produced was the lord’s, paid tax on all grain ground in the lord’s mill, weddings could only take place with the lord’s consent, paid a church tax (a tithe)

Question 16

How did the Decline of Learning affect Europe?

Answer 16

Invaders could not read or write and the level of learning sank sharply; people lost knowledge of greek and latin and classical knowledge in literature and science.

Question 17

How did the loss of a common language affect Europe?

Answer 17

Different dialects developed such as French, Spanish, Romanian, Italian

Question 18

How did the concept of government changing affect Europe?

Answer 18

People were only loyal to their personal chief, no longer to leaders they didn’t know.

Question 19

What does heraldry (coat of arms) represent?

Answer 19

To identify who the wearer was loyal to

Question 20

What are the similarities between feudalism in Europe and feudalism in Japan

Answer 20

both systems are based loyalties between the members of different classes; both have fewer people at the top, are based on Agriculture, have a warrior class

Question 21

How did the viking attack of Lindesfarne in 739AD affect viking culture?

Answer 21

Encouraged them to launch more raids, brought literacy and christianity to them.

Question 22

Summarize thee Knight’s Code of Chivary

Answer 22

Demanded that a knight fight bravely in defense of his feudal lord, his heavenly lord and his chosen lady.

Question 23

How do the medieval siege weapons show that their designers knew the architecture of a caste wall?

Answer 23

Weapons were designed to help soldiers scale a castle wall break down castle walls, bridge moats-all to penetrate the castle

Question 24

how was the religion in medieval Europe a unifying force?

Answer 24

Shared beliefs in the teachings of the church and as a stabilizing force during an era of constant warfare

Question 25

What reasons might a individual have to join a crusade?

Answer 25

To see unknown parts of the world, to gain possible fortune and fame, or to fight for their religious beliefs.

Question 26

Why is Arabia’s location a good one for trade?

Answer 26

It has access to land and sea transportation routes and links three continents

Question 27

Why was the location of mecca ideal for the spread of ideas?

Answer 27

It was the hub for many trade routes, people with different ideas would meet there and exchange ideas..

Question 28

What are the five pillars off Islam?

Answer 28

Faith-there is no god but Allah
Prayer-five times a day facing mecca
Alms-support the less fortunate thorough charitable giving
Fasting-Ramadan to remind Muslims that their spiritual needs are greater than their physical needs
Hajj-pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

Question 29

what are the keys to the mongol army?

Answer 29

Soldiers had their family with them, carried own food supply, took livestock and homes with them..

Question 30

What are some similarities between the Japanese samurai and the European knights?

Answer 30

Code of honor, protective armor, skilled fighters

Question 31

what are some differences between japanese samurai and European knights?

Answer 31

Samurai armor lighter, swords curved, samurai fought for in exchange for an allowance while knights fought for land.

Question 32

What does the samurai code emphasize?

Answer 32

Focused samurai on achievement in battle, advocated death before dishonor.

Question 33

What did Indian civilization experience during the Gupta empire?

Answer 33

Advances in literature, art, science, and mathematics

Question 34

What inspired Asoka to convert to Buddhism?

Answer 34

Sorrow over the slaughter at Kalinga

Question 35

What did Asoka’s edicts claim?

Answer 35

Religious toleration

Question 36

What was invented in india?

Answer 36

Modern numerals ( Arabic number system)

Question 37

What problems might conquered people present for their conqueror?

Answer 37

They might rebel against rule by their new conquerors, reject new religious ideas or customs, or have destabilizing conflicts within their community and/or support a rival ruler.

Question 38

In what ways might a conqueror integrate conquered people into society?

Answer 38

A conqueror might integrate new people by offering jobs and positions in the military; also encourage respect for the conquered cultures and cross-cultural marriage

Question 39

What are causes of cultural blending?

Answer 39

Migration, pursuit of religious freedom or conversion, trade, conquest

Question 40

Summarize the Safavid golden age

Answer 40

Limited the power of the military, created two new specialized armies, created a beautiful new capital Esfahan, brought Chinese artisans to redesign city/arts, support the arts by sending artists to Italy to study under Raphael

Question 41

Summarize Akbar’s golden Age

Answer 41

Conquered with heavy artillery (especially cannons), unified the 100 million people in thee Deccan plateau (India), permitted religious freedom and abolished taxes because off peoples’ religions, had a graduated income tax (more tax for the wealthy), gave generous land grants to government workers.

Question 42

What are examples of Push factors?

Answer 42

Climate changes, exhausted resources, natural disasters, drought/famine, unemployment, slavery, religious/ethnic/political persecution war

Question 43

What are examples pull factors?

Answer 43

Abundant land, new resources, good climate, employment opportunities, political and/or religious freedom

Question 44

How might both native people and newcomers benefit from their interaction?

Answer 44

Immigrants might introduce new skills, ideas, or languages; native people might share knowledge of the surroundings

Question 45

What are some affects of migration?

Answer 45

Redistribution of population density, cultural blending of languages or ways of life, ideas and technologies may be shared, changes of quality of life, clashes between groups, changing the environmental conditions, employment changes.

Question 46

What evidence shows that Djenne-Djeno was a major trading city?

Answer 46

Scientists discovered hundreds of thousands of artifacts including pottery, copper hair ornaments, and iron knives, etc. many items not from that era

Question 47

What advantages would iron tools give a civilization?

Answer 47

Stronger tools will last longer and do heavier work means that workers don’t have to produce as many tools, thus saving time and resources Also iron tools and technology are very valuable and might bring a civilization wealth through trade.

Question 48

What were the major achievements of the kingdom of Aksum

Answer 48

Controlled international trade as a hub for caravan routes to Egypt and Meroe

Question 49

Contrast the Americas and Europe

Answer 49

Americas: had relatively few domesticated animals, didn’t recognize private property, relatively clean society, few diseases and epidemics.
Europe: Had many domesticated animals, strong private property rights, relatively dirty society, many diseases and epidemics.

Question 50

What are the theories of how people came to the Americas?

Answer 50

Crossed the Beringia land bridge following large game, boated from the Pacific Islands, boated rom Africa

Question 51

What is a major accomplishment of the olmec?

Answer 51

created stone heads and stelles weighing up to 30 tons (60,000lbs) and transported them over 125 miles through forest and swampland

Question 52

What is a major accomplishment of the Nazca?

Answer 52

Created more than 1,000 drawings of animals, plants, humans, and geometric shapes in the desert plains so large they can be seen from the air.

Question 53

What are major accomplishments of the Aztecs?

Answer 53

Created Tenochtitlan-an extraordinary urban center with a population between 200,000-400,000 on an island connected to the mainland by three causeways over the water and marshland, streets and broad avenues connected the city center with outlying residential districts and canals. Had massive, walled complex in the middle with palaces, temples and government buildings. City had a zoo, arboretum, aviary of species collected from 1,000 miles away and the city was impeccably clean-being swept twice a day and the trash being barged out of the city.

Question 54

What does the size and ornamentation of Maya architecture indicate about their society?

Answer 54

Given that many of the structures were heavily decorated and appear to have had religious uses, it seems that the Maya were a deeply religious society and that their architecture was a way of expressing that faith.

Question 55

How important do was the development of advanced mathematics was for the creation of the Maya calendar?

Answer 55

Indispensable for recording celestial movements over time, handling large numbers, and calculating solar and lunar years with precision

Question 56

What were the likely causes for the fall of the Maya?

Answer 56

War among the various city states, environmental destruction of their environment, disease

Question 57

What is the difference between communism and socialism?

Answer 57

In communism, the government owns all means of production and provides all services while in socialism the government owns and provides only the necessary goods and services.

Question 58

What economic system could the Inca be associated with?

Answer 58

Socialism

Question 59

How did the Inca overcome geographical obstacles in building and ruling their empire?

Answer 59

Divided the empire into units with local governors responsible to Cuzco; built roads and created a “mail” service

Question 60

What was the Ayllu system that the Inca used?

Answer 60

Organized thousands of people into manageable units, each with a recognized leader and accepted as traditional practice.

Question 61

How were Incan and Aztec religion practices similar?

Answer 61

Both worshipped many gods and had a sun god

Question 62

How were Incan and Aztec religious practices different?

Answer 62

The Inca had Fewer gods and did not practice human sacrifice.

Question 63

Summarize Suleyman’s achievement as a ruler

Answer 63

Conquered Belgrade, the Eastern Mediterranean, and Central Europe and Central Asia; created a law code to handle both criminal and civil actions; simplified and limited taxes and reduced the government bureaucracy, granted freedom of religion