Honors Biology Chapter 4 test

Question 1

Components found in food that the body needs to grow, develop, and repair itself. Humans can only obtain these nutrients from their diet

Answer 1

Nutrients

Question 2

What are all organisms made of?

Answer 2

Chemical building blocks such as water, ions, and organic molecules.

Question 3

The ability to do work including building complex molecules.

Answer 3

Energy

Question 4

A diet that provides all the nutrients our bodies need in appropriate amounts.

Answer 4

Nutritious Diet

Question 5

Nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, that organisms must ingest in large amounts to maintain health.

Answer 5

Macronutrients

Question 6

What is a varied diet that can provide all of our macronutrient needs?

Answer 6

oils, grains, meat, vegetables, and dairy products.

Question 7

Can macronutrients be used directly by our bodies?

Answer 7

No, Macronutrients are too large to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the digestive tract. They need to be digested first.

Question 8

What are macronutrients used for?

Answer 8

Once digested, macronutrients are taken up by cells and used to build macromolecules our cells need. They are then used to build cell structures and carry out cell functions.

Question 9

_______ gets broken down into simple sugars

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

_______ gets broken down into amino acids

Answer 10

Proteins

Question 11

_______are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 11

Lipids

Question 12

Are nucleic acids considered a macronutrient?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

If our body is having a deficiency and is low on a nutrient, can it compensate for that nutrient by synthesizing it from another?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Nutrients that can’t be made by the body, so must be obtained from the diet

Answer 14

Essential Nutrients

Question 15

A complex plant carbohydrate made of linked chains of glucose molecules; a source of stored energy

Answer 15

Starch

Question 16

How many amino acids does a person need to make a protein? and how many MUST be obtained by diet?

Answer 16

20 and 9

Question 17

Amino Acids the human body can’t synthesize and must obtain from food

Answer 17

Essential Amino Acids

Question 18

What are the animal products that contain the richest source of essential amino acids?

Answer 18

Meat, eggs, fish, and dairy

Question 19

Any chemical reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules.

Answer 19

Catabolic Reaction

Question 20

Any chemical reaction that combines simpler molecules to build more complex molecules.

Answer 20

Anabolic reaction

Question 21

All biological chemical reactions occurring in an organism, including reactions that break down food molecules and reactions that build new cell structures.

Answer 21

Metabolism

Question 22

A protein that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Nearly every chemical reaction in the body requires this

Answer 22

Enzyme

Question 23

The process of speeding up the rate of a chemical reaction (e.g., by enzymes)

Answer 23

Catalysis

Question 24

A molecule to which an enzyme binds and on which it acts

Answer 24

substrate

Question 25

The part of an enzyme that binds to substrates

Answer 25

Active Site - Each enzyme has on particular active site that fits only one particular substrate molecule or molecules.

Question 26

The energy required for a chemical reaction to proceed. Enzymes accelerate reactions by reducing their activation energy.

Answer 26

Activation energy

Question 27

An inorganic chemical element required by organisms for normal growth, reproduction, and tissue maintenance; examples are calcium, iron, potassium, and zinc

Answer 27

Minerals - It is important to note that minerals are only needed in small amounts to maintain health.

Question 28

Nutrients, including vitamins and minerals, that organisms must ingest in small amounts to maintain health.

Answer 28

Micrnutrients

Question 29

An organic molecule required in small amounts for normal growth, reproduction, and tissue maintenance.

Answer 29

Vitamins - another kind of micronutrient. Although only small amounts are required, micronutrient deficiency can have serious health consequences. Iron deficiency causes the blood disease known as anemia (results in weariness) and lack of vitamin C causes a tissue deteriorating disease called scurvy.

Question 30

An inorganic substance such as a metal ion, required to activate an enzyme.

Answer 30

Cofactor - these include inorganic metals such as zinc, copper, and iron.

Question 31

A small organic molecule, such as a vitamin, required to activate an enzyme.

Answer 31

Coenzyme - Most Vitamins are important coenzymes

Question 32

Deficiencies of this mineral results in brittle and fragile bones from loss of tissue and stunted growth

Answer 32

Calcium

Question 33

Deficiencies of this mineral results in weariness, paleness, fatigue, dizziness, headaches, and poor concentration

Answer 33

Iron

Question 34

Deficiencies of this mineral results in muscle weakness and neurological (anatomy, functions, and organic disorders) disturbances

Answer 34

Potassium

Question 35

Deficiencies of this mineral results in Muscle cramps, reduced appetite, and neurological distrubances

Answer 35

Sodium

Question 36

Deficiencies of this vitamin results in heart failure and depression

Answer 36

Vitamin B (thiamine)

Question 37

Deficiencies of this vitamin results in neural (nerves/nervous system) tube defects, and anemia

Answer 37

Folate

Question 38

Deficiencies of this vitamin results in Anemia, and neurological disturbances

Answer 38

B12

Question 39

Deficiencies of this vitamin results in scurvy (swollen bleeding gums, opening of previously healed wounds) and poor wounded healing.

Answer 39

Vitamin C

Question 40

Deficiencies of this Vitamin results in skin problems, and blindness

Answer 40

Vitamin A

Question 41

Deficiencies of this Vitamin results in Bone Deformities

Answer 41

Vitamin D

Question 42

Deficiencies of this Vitamin results in Neural Tube defects, anemia, and digestive health problems.

Answer 42

Vitamin E

Question 43

Deficiencies of this vitamin results in abnormal blood clotting, and bruising

Answer 43

Vitamin K