Biology Final Chapter 6

Question 1

Aerobic (Cellular) Respiration

Answer 1

A series of reactions that occurs in the presence of oxygen and converts energy stored in food into ATP. It takes place in all eukaryotic organisms, including plants. This process requires a continuous source of oxygen.

Question 2

Chemical equation of Aerobic respiration

Answer 2

Glucose + Oxygen –> Energy + carbon dioxide + water

Question 3

Glycolosis

Answer 3

The first stage of aerobic respiration that breaks down glucose in half, into two smaller molecules of pyruvate; this takes place in the cytoplasm. It converts some energy into a small number of ATP molecules (2)

Question 4

Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 4

The second stage of aerobic respiration that helps extract energy (in the form of high energy electrons) from food; this takes place in the mitochondria. It strips electrons from the bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms, that were originally in glucose, which are then carried by NADH molecules to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. This processes releases Carbon dioxide. A small amount of ATP is made (2)

Question 5

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 5

The third stage; A process that takes place in the mitochondria and produces the bulk of ATP (36) during aerobic respiration. As electrons pass down the chain, they supply the energy needed to form ATP.

Question 6

Fermentation

Answer 6

A series of chemical reactions that takes place in the absence of oxygen and converts some of the energy stored in food into ATP. It produces far less aerobic respiration. Although it doesn’t produce any more ATP beyond what is produced by glycolysis, it is a way to keep glycolysis running. It regenerates NAD+. Instead of carbon dioxide it produces lactic acid.