Virology: Hepatitis & HIV

Question 1

Hepatitis

fecal-oral transmission

Answer 1

HAV

HEV

Question 2

Hepatitis

parenteral, sexual, maternal-fetal transmission

Answer 2

HBV

HDV

Question 3

Hepatitis

primarily blood transmission

Answer 3

HCV

IVDU, post-transfusion

Question 4

signs/symptoms of all hepatitis viruses

Answer 4

• fever
• jaundice
• increased ALT & AST

Question 5

RNA picornavirus

Answer 5

HAV

Question 6

DNA hepadnavirus

Answer 6

HBV

Question 7

RNA flavivirus

Answer 7

HCV

Question 8

RNA delta virus

Answer 8

HDV

Question 9

RNA hepevirus

Answer 9

HEV

Question 10

3 A’s of HAV

Answer 10

• Asymptomatic
• Acute
• Alone (no carriers)

Question 11

4 C’s of HCV

Answer 11

• Chronic
• Cirrhosis
• Carcinoma
• Carrier

Question 12

2 D’s of HDV

Answer 12

• Defective virus
• Dependent on HBV
  
  • superinfection decreases prognosis

Question 13

3 E’s of HEV

Answer 13

• Enteric
• Expectant mothers
• Epidemic

Question 14

Anti-HAV (IgM)

Answer 14

IgM antibody to HAV

best test to detect active hepatitis A

Question 15

Anti-HAV (IgG)

Answer 15

• IgG antibody indicates prior HAV infection and/or prior vaccination
• protects against reinfection

Question 16

HBsAg

Answer 16

antigen found on surface of HBV

indicates hepatitis B infection

Question 17

Anti-HBs

Answer 17

Antibody to HBsAg

indicates immunity to hepatitis B

Question 18

HBcAg

Answer 18

antigen associated w/ core of HBV

Question 19

Anti-HBc

Answer 19

• antibody to HBcAg
• IgM = acute/recent infection
• IgG = prior exposure or chronic infection
• positive during window period

Question 20

HBeAg

Answer 20

indicates active viral replication

high transmissibility

Question 21

Anti-HBe

Answer 21

antibody to HBeAg

low transmissibility

Question 22

3 structural genes of HIV

Answer 22

• env
  
  • gp120 = attachment to host CD4⁺ T-cell
  • gp41 = fusion & entry
• gag (p24) - capsid protein
• pol - reverse transcriptase, aspartate protease, integrase

Question 23

HIV virus binds ______ (early) or _____ (late) co-receptor & CD4 on T-cells.

Binds ____ & CD4 on macrophages.

Answer 23

CCR5

CXCR4

CCR5

Question 24

HIV

• homozygous CCR5 mutation
• heterozygous CCR5 mutation

Answer 24

• homozygous CCR5 mutation = immunity
• heterozygous CCR5 mutation = slower course

Question 25

4 stages of untreated HIV infection

Answer 25

• Flu-like (acute)
• Feeling fine (latent)
• Falling count
• Final crisis

Question 26

systemic diseases of HIV+ adults

Answer 26

*Histoplasma capsulatum *

• low-grade fevers
• cough
• hepatosplenomegaly
• tongue ulcer

Question 27

dermatologic diseases of HIV+ adults

Answer 27

• Fluffy white cottage cheese lesions
  
  • C. albicans
• Hairy leukoplakia
  
  • EBV
• Superficial vascular proliferation
  
  • Bartonella henselae

Question 28

gastrointestinal diseases of HIV+ adults

Answer 28

• chronic, watery diarrhea
• Cryptosporidium spp.

Question 29

neurologic diseases of HIV+ adults

Answer 29

• Abscesses
  
  • Toxoplasma gondii
• Dementia
  
  • HIV-associated
• Encephalopathy
  
  • JC virus reactivation
• Meningitis
  
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
• Retinitis
  
  • CMV

Question 30

oncologic disease of HIV+ adults

Answer 30

• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (large cell)
  
  • EBV
• Primary CNS lymphoma
  
  • EBV
• SCC
  
  • HPV
• Superficial neoplastic proliferation of vasculature
  
  • HHV-8

Question 31

respiratory disease of HIV+ adults

Answer 31

• Interstitial pneumonia
  
  • CMV
• Invasive aspergillosis
  
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
• Pneumocystis pneumonia
  
  • PCP
• Pneumonia
  
  • S. pneumoniae
• TB-like disease
  
  • Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare