Bio 150: After Exam 2

Question 1

Receptors on G-Proteins.

Answer 1

Gets involved with a receptor that has found a ligand which causes it to break apart causing it to become a gtp-ase and gtp-gdp exchange occurs.

Question 2

Rhodopsin facts.

Answer 2

• Prosthetic factor called “Retinol” that responds to light,

Question 3

What do cis double bonds cause in cells?

Answer 3

Kinks.

Question 4

What do trans double bonds cause in cells?

Answer 4

Straight positioning.

Question 5

Signal Transduction.

Answer 5

• Cellular Communication
• Signal Transduction
• Rhodopsin
• G-Protein
• Opening of channels

Question 6

What are the Secondary Messengers?

Answer 6

• cAMP
• cGMP
• IP3
• DAG
• Ca++

Question 7

How do you make ATP into cAMP?

Answer 7

From Adenylyl Cyclase.

Question 8

What does Phospholipase do?

Answer 8

Removes phosphates from lipids.

Question 9

How does Transcriptional Activitation work?

Answer 9

Phosphorylating of the next kinase.

Question 10

Termination.

Answer 10

• Signal (on/off rate)
• Transduction (Self0regulation, Phosphatases, Diffusion from signaling complex
• Response (Lifespan, Feedback, Morphological)

Question 11

Plant Cells during mitosis produce what that is different from animal cells?

Answer 11

Cell Walls.

Question 12

How does chromosome movement work along the kinetochore?

Answer 12

The chromosome moves up the microtubule and the end of the rope is being broken apart by the action of the protein walking up the kinetochore.

Question 13

How does a cell know when to divide?

Answer 13

It uses a control system with checkpoints for different phases.

Question 14

What does it mean to be Confluent?

Answer 14

When cells have formed a complete single layer, they stop dividing (density-dependent inhibition).

Question 15

What extrinsic factors stimulate Cell Mitosis?

Answer 15

• Surface Contact
• PDGF
• Physical Contact