4/14 Flashcards by Dylan Bergstedt

what does hemorrhagic stoke from av malformation look like on ct

hyperdensefluid collection with irregular margins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what markers are elevated in rheumatic fever

esr

crp

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what does rsv cause

bronchiolitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is hyposthenuria

low urine osmolarity despite fluid restriction, normal serum sodium. Common in sickle cell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2nd line otitis media

amoc-clauv

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

pen allergic otitis media

clindamycin or azithromycin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bartonella henselae tx

azithromycin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

intraventricular hemorrhage signs

seizures or apnea
full fontanel
acute anemia
can be asymptomatic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

primary risk factor intraventricular hemorrhage

prematurity-germinal matrix not developed enough

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is spondylolisthesis and what are sx

forward slip of vertebral body. persistant back pain in child or adolesent on lumbar extension. step off. can cause radiculopathy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what neuro thing does tet of fallot increase risk for

brain abscess, r to l shunt allows bacteria to by pass pulm circulation so less phagocytosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Gross motor milestones 2m,4m,6m,9m,12m

2 = lifts head/chest in prone position
4 = sits with trunck support, begins rolling
6=sits momentarily propped on hands
9 = pulls to stand, cruises
12 = sstands wellwalks first steps

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fine motor milestones 2m, 4m, 6m, 9m, 12m

2 =hands unfisted 50%, tracks past midline
4 = hands mostly open, reaches midline
6 = transfers objects hand to hand
9 =3 finger pincer grasp, holds bottle or cup
12 = 2 finger pincer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Language milestones 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m

2 = coos, alert to sound
4 = laugh, turn to voice
6 = responds to name, babbles
9= mama dada
12 = other words

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

social/cog milestones 2m 4m 6m 9m 12m

2 = social smile, recognizes parents
4 = enjoys looking around
6 = stranger anxiety
9 = waves bye, pat-a-cake
12 = separation anxiety, comes when called

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

double birth weight by _____and triple by____

4 months, 1 year (height increases by 50%)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

tinea capitus tx

oral griseofulvin or terbinafine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anaphylaxis blood first blood transfusion

selective IgA def

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

central stellate scar on well circumscribed solitary hypodense liver nodule

Focal nodular hyperplasia, common in women 20-50

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

electrolyte abnormality rcc

hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most common cause of cervical myelopathy

spondylosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how to check for gastric cancer

EGD

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

how often is afp elevated hcc

50%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 indications to test for pheo

classic triad:ha, tachy, sweating
Resistant htn with unexplained increase in glucose
Family hs of Men2, NF1, VHL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cancers associated with VVHL

cerebellar and retinal hemangioblastomas pheos rcc (clear) Autosomal dominant

pre eclampsia increases mothers risk of

stroke

why can epidurals cause hypotension

nerve fibers for vascular tone blocked = venous pooling

post delivery: difficulty ambulating, radiating suprapubic pain, pubic symphysis pain, intact neuro exam dx?

pubic symphysis diastasis, treat conservatively

extra lab at initial visit high risk pre e

24 hr urine protein

atypical glandular cells on pap test next steps

endometrial biopsy. also do postmenopausal bleeding if over 45

besides epithelial ovarian cancer what else can elevate ca125

tubo-ovarian access. c reactive protein will also be elevated

where us blasto mycosis and what are its sx

great lakes, PNA, weight loss, lytic lesions, skin lesions

where is coccidioidomycosis endemic

southwest

esr and ck in steroid induced myopathy-

normal

ESR/CK in statin myopathy

ESR = normal CK = elevated same as hypothyroid myopathy

ESR/CK in polymyalgia rheumatica

ESR = elevated | CK =normal

what meds cause problems with sideifil

alpha blockers and nitrates

autoimmune atrophic gastritis pathophys

autoimmune against parietal cells =decreased b12

hearing loss, high alk phos

paget's

what bp med can cause hearing loss

loop diuretics | higher risk if kidney failure

aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease triad

asthma bronchospasm r nasal congestion after aspirin/nsaids chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps

tmj risk factors

joint trauma | psych disorder

most common site of renal stone impaction

uretero vesicular junction

radio paque stones

calcium oxalate (normal people), struvite, calcium phosphate (hyperparathyroid or renal tubular acidosis)

radiolucent stones

uric acid(treat by alkalizing urine) and cysteine

tumors that cause increased EPO

HCC, pheo, hemangioblastoma,RCC

meds that cause acute interstitial nephritis

``` PPI abx NSAIDs allopurinol diuretics ```

acute interstitial nephritis labs

increased bun and creatinine eosinophilia maybe white blood cell casts

post step glomerulonephritis electron micrograph

subepithelial humps of IgG and C3

goodpastures fluorescent micro

linear

Alport syndrome H&P + cause + EM findings

hematuria, renal failure, hearing loss,, eye disease, type 4 collagen defect. Split basement membraneson EM

ANCA1 + kidney dz

RPGN

c anca + kidney dz

Wegners

who gets FSGS

HIV, Drug users, african americans, most common nephrotic overall

foot process on EM

minimal change

nephrotic syndrome with lupus and EM appearance.

Membranous Nephropathy , spike and dome

Groups at risk Memranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and FM apperance

Heb B and C, also lupus, subactue bacterial endocarditis train track appearance

congo red apple green birefringence kidney dz

amyloidosis

Nephritic syndromes, location and urinalysis

glomerulus, RBC casts

Interstitial nephritis/pyelonephritis location and urinalysis

interstium, WBC casts, eiosinopillia for IN only

ATN location and urinalysis

tubule, granular casts

renal failure location and urinalysis

pre or post renal, hyaline casts

causes of non ion gap metabolic acidosis

Diarrhea, renal tubular acidosis, TPN, hyperaldosteronism

hyponatremia first decision

check serum osmolarity

low serum osmolarity in hyponatremia next step

✔️ urine osmolarity

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine[ ] ,hypovolemia causes

Gi loss, skin loss, third spacing

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine [ ] euvolemia, causes

psychogenic polydipsia

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], low urine [ ] , hypervolemia causes

nephrosis, cirrhosis , CHF

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high urine[ ] ,hypovolemia causes

thiazides

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high [ ] euvolemia, causes

SIADH, Hypothyroid, Addisons, MDMA, Preg

hyponatremia, low serum [ ], normal/high [ ] , hypervolemia causes

Renal failure

Hyponatremia normal serum osmols

Pseudohyponatremia

Hyponatremia high serum osmols, high glucose

hyperglycemia

Hyponatremia high serum osmols, normal glucose

manitol

HypoK first decision

is there hypertension

HypoK with HTN

=Hyperaldosteronism

HypoK without HTN next ✔️

is there a metabolic acidocis

Hypo K, no HTN , Metabolic acidosis

Renal tubular acidocis

Hypo K, no HTN , NO Metabolic acidosis next step

urine K+. If >20 intrarenal loss else extrarenal loss

Chronic blistering on sun exposed areas, liver problems.

Porphyria cutanea tarda | tx with sunscreen (hydroxy)chloroquine

tx for actinic keratosis

5flurouricil, cryo, imiquimod