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Anatomy > 4.03 - Respiratory system > Flashcards

4.03 - Respiratory system Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Conducting portion is where only _________ _________ occurs

Respiratory portion is where _________ _________ occurs

A

Air transport

Gas exchange

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2
Q

External respiration is exchange between _________ and _________

Internal respiration is exchange between _________ and _________ _________

A

Atmosphere and blood

blood and body cells

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3
Q

The _________ is the main conducting airway for inhaled air

Supported anteroinferiorly from bridge by _________ _________
- Contains _________ and _________ cartilage

A

nose

Dorsum nasi

Lateral, alar

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4
Q

The nasal cavity begins as the internal component of the nose and ends as openings to the _________ known as _________

A

Nasopharnx, choanae

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5
Q

_________ is the anterior region of nasal cavity
Hairs are called _________

A

Vestibule
Vibrissae

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6
Q

Nasal cavity is lined with _________ epithelium
Superior part of nasal cavity has _________ epithelium

A

Pseudostratified
Olfactory

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7
Q

Superior, middle, and inferior _________ _________ form the lateral wall
- condition the air within the nasal cavity
- each concha has a _________ _________ (air passage) underneat it

A

Nasal conchae

Nasal meatus

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8
Q

The superior, middle, and inferior nasal concha form the ___________ ___________

A

Nasal cavity

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9
Q

What forms the larynx?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

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10
Q

What are the four paranasal sinuses?

A

Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, maxillary

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11
Q

The pharynx is the ___________

Nasopharynx:
Posterior to ___________ ___________ and superior to ___________ ___________
- Lined with ___________ ___________ ___________ epithelium
- Only ___________ passes through
- opening of ___________ ___________ found in lateral walls
- Posterior there is a ___________ Tonsil

A

throat

nasal cavity, soft palate

  • pseudostratified ciliated columnar
  • air
  • auditory tubes
  • pharyngeal
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12
Q

Oropharynx is bounded
- superiorly by ___________ ___________
- Inferiorly by ___________ ___________

Line with ___________ ___________ ___________epithelium

opening of oral cavity into oropharynx is the ___________

Two pair of muscular arches on lateral walls of fauces

___________ tonsils are embedded in lateral walls between arches

___________ tonsils are at base of the tongue

A

soft palate
hyoid bone

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Fauces

Palatine
Lingual

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13
Q

Laryngopharynx
- Starts inferior to ___________ ___________ and extends on top of ___________

Lined with ___________ ___________ ___________ epithelium
- resists ___________ from food

A

Hyoid bone, esophagus

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Abrasion

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14
Q

Larynx connects ___________ to ___________
- serves as a passageway for air
- Prevents ingested materials from entering ___________ and ___________
- Produces sounds for ___________

A

Pharynx to trachea

Trachea, bronchi

Speech

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15
Q

What is valsalva maneuver?

A

Attempting to exhale while nose and mouth are both closed

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16
Q

___________ ___________ connects pharynx and larynx

The ___________ cartilage is the largest cartilage
- has anterior and lateral wall but no ___________ wall
- V- shaped anterior projection is called ___________ ___________
- Usually larger in ___________

A

Laryngeal inlet

thryoid
- posterior
- laryngeal prominence
- males

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17
Q

Ring shaped ___________ cartilage is inferior to thyroid cartilage

___________ is a spoon shaped cartilage projecting superiorly into the pharynx
- swallowing causes epiglottis to close the opening to the ___________

A

Cricoid

Epiglottis
Larynx

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18
Q

What are the smaller, paired cartilages that help with sound production

A

Arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

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19
Q

Vocal folds are found in ___________ and are comprised of ___________ ligaments covered by mucous membrane

A

Larynx, vocal ligaments

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20
Q

The opening between vocal cords is called ___________ ___________

A

Rima glottis

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21
Q

Glottis consists of ___________ and ___________

A

Vocal folds, rima glottidis

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22
Q

What folds enclose the rima vestibuli?
Contain ___________ ligaments

A

Vestibular folds
Vestibulars

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23
Q

Vestibular folds are superior to ___________ ___________ to protect them
- Called ___________ vocal cords because doesn’t make sound

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A

vocal folds

False

24
Q

What air is forced through rima glottidis, it causes ___________ of vocal cords, resulting in sound

  • Vocal range depends on ___________ and ___________ of vocal cords
  • Pitch is determined by ___________ on vocal cords
  • Loudness depends on ___________ of air passing across vocal cords
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A

Vibration

Length, thickness

Tension

Force

25
Trachea is anterior to ___________ inferior to ___________ superior to ___________ Supported by C shaped ___________ ___________ connected by ___________ ___________
Esophagus Larynx Bronchi Tracheal cartilages, annular ligaments
26
Posteriorly, the ends of tracheal cartilage are connected by ___________ muscle The mucosa is lined with ___________ ___________ epithelium containing mucin secreting ___________ cells
Trachealis Pseudostratified columnar Goblet
27
At ___________ ___________, trachea splits into right and left main bronchi (primary bronchi) - Continues splitting to smaller tubes - Each main bronchi splits into ___________ ___________ (secondary)
Sternal angle Lobar bronchi
28
Each lobar bronchi splits into ___________ bronchi (tertiary) Large bronchi lined with ___________ epithelium Small bronchi lined with ___________ epithelium A ring of ___________ muscle sits between mucosa and cartilage bronchial wall
Segmental Pseudostratified Columnar smooth
29
Bronchi less than 1 mm are ___________
Bronchioles
30
Bronchiole walls do not contain ___________ but have a thick layer of ___________ muscle - contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle results in ___________ and ___________ - Final segment of conducting pathway has ___________ ___________
Cartilage, smooth Bronchoconstriction, bronchodilation Terminal bronchioles
31
Terminal bronchioles branch into ___________ bronchioles
Respiratory
32
Respiratory bronchioles branch into ___________ ___________ - end with dilated ___________ ___________ Contain small saccular outpocketings called ___________ - Thin wall of alveoli is where ___________ diffuse between blood and air in lungs
Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveolar sac Alveoli gases
33
Alveolar type 1: Abundant ___________ ___________ epithelial cells promote rapid ___________ of gases
Simple squamous Diffusion
34
Alveolar type 2: ___________ in shape Produce ___________ ___________ which decreases ___________ tensions within alveolus and prevents collapse ___________ ___________ may be fixed or free and engulf microorganism and particulates in alveolus
Cuboidal Pulmonary surfactant Surface Alveolar macrophages
35
Respiratory membrane is the thin well between ___________ ___________ and ___________ across which gases diffuse Consists of - Membrane of type ___________ alveolar cells - membrane of ___________ cell - Fused ___________ ___________
Alveolar lumen, blood - 1 - capillary - Basement membrane
36
The outside of the lung and inside of thoracic wall is lined by ___________ which is ___________ membrane formed by ___________ ___________ epithelium
Pleura, serious Simple squamous
37
___________ pleura tightly adheres to lung ___________ pleura lines the inside of chest wall
Visceral Parietal
38
The space between the two pleura is called the ___________ ___________
Pleural cavity
39
Each lung has a ___________ inferior base resting on diaphragm and a pointed superior ___________ projective above ___________. Lungs ___________ surface contacts rubs
Broad, apex, clavicle Costal
40
___________ lung is slight smaller then ___________ lung to accomodate heart
Left, right
41
Left lung has a medial surface indentation called the ___________ ___________ Anterior surface indentation called ___________ ___________ - Has ___________ ___________ that divides lung into superior and inferior lobs Superior lobe has ___________ that is homologous to middle lobe of right lung
Cardiac impression Cardiac notch Oblique fissure Lingula
42
Right lung: ___________ fissure and ___________ fissure divide into superior, middle, inferior lobes
Oblique, horizontal
43
Lungs mediastinal surface faces ___________ - houses a concave called ___________ - The ___________ of lung enters it - Consists of ___________, ___________,___________, ___________
Medially Hilum root bronchi, pulmonary vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves
44
How many bronchopulmonary segments are in left lobe? How many in right lobe?
10 8-10
45
Order segment, lobule, lobe from largest to smallest
Lobe>segment
46
___________ circulation conducts blood to and from the gas exchange surfaces of lungs ___________ circulation is part of systemic circulation that delivers blood to and from the bronchi and bronchioles - ___________ (larger or smaller) than pulmonary system - tiny bronchial arteries branch off ___________ to supply ___________ ___________ - bronchial veins drain into ___________ system
Pulmonary Bronchial - smaller - aorta, bronchial tree - azygous
47
___________ ___________ and vessels are located within lungs and around bronchi and pleura
lymph nodes
48
Order of lymph flow
Pulmonary lymph nodes --> bronchopulmonary lymp nodes --> tracheobronchial lymph nodes --> left and right bronchomediastinal trunks
49
Skeletal muscles of respiration and sound production involve ___________ (voluntary control) The larynx, trachea, bronchial tree, lungs are innervated by the ___________ nervous system - Sympathetic and parasympathetic form the ___________ ___________
Somatic Autonomic Pulmonary plexus
50
Sympathetic stimulation causes ___________ Parasympathetic stimulation causes ___________
Bronchodilation Bronchoconstriction
51
Brain step respirator center controls rate and depth of breathing - includes ___________ respiratory center ___________ - ___________ respiratory with ___________
Medullary, medulla Pontine, pons
52
Muscles of quiet inhalation: Muscles of quiet exhalation
Diaphragm, external intercostals Passive recoil
53
Muscles of forced inhalation: - Allow deeper inspirations by increasing thoracic cavity expansions when they contract
Sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, pextoralis minor, serratus posterior superior, erector spinae
54
Muscles of forced exhalation: - Contract during hard exhalations and decreases thoracic volume
Internal intercostals, abdominal muscles, transversus thoracis, serratus posterior inferior
55
Boyle's law: volume and pressure are ___________ related
inversely
56
During inhalation and exhalation, the thoracic cavity exchanges in all 3 dimensions - Vertical changes result from ___________ movement - Lateral changes from ___________ ___________ elevation or depression - anterior/posterior changes occur as the ___________ moves
Diaphragm Rib cage - sternum

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