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Anatomy > 4.01 - Heart > Flashcards

4.01 - Heart Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

________ carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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2
Q

________ carry blood towards the heart

A

Veins

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3
Q

Right side of heart pumps deoxygenated blood through ________ ________ to lungs

A

Pulmonary arteries

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4
Q

After oxygen pickup and carbon dioxide from lungs ________ ________ carry blood to left side of heart

A

pulmonary veins

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5
Q

left side of heart pumps oxygenated blood through ________ ________ to body cells

A

systemic arteries

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6
Q

Nutrients, respiratory gases and wastes are exchanged from body cells and ________ ________ carry blood to right side

A

Systemic veins

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7
Q

________ ________ from ascending aorta supply blood to heart walls

A

Coronary arteries

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8
Q

________ ________ drain blood back to right atrium

A

Cardiac veins

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9
Q

The heart is inside the ________ ________

A

Middle mediastinum

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10
Q

Sternal angle is the level of transverse thoracic plane
T- to T-

________ starts and ends at this level

A

T4-T5

Aorta

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11
Q

The heart is slightly rotated
________ border is located more anteriorly

Base of the heart: it’s posterosuperior surface is mainly the ________ atrium

________ ________ of the heart is formed by the great arterial vessels and the superior vena cava

A

right

left

superior border

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11
Q

The heart is slightly rotated
________ border is located more anteriorly

Base of the heart: it’s posterosuperior surface is mainly the ________ atrium

________ ________ of the heart is formed by the great arterial vessels and the superior vena cava

A

Right
Left
Superior border

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12
Q

________ is the inferior conical end

A

Apex

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13
Q

________ ________ is formed by right ventricle

A

Inferior border

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14
Q

The ________ ________is a tough sac around the heart that restricts heart movements within thorax

A

Fibrous pericardium

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15
Q

The serous pericardium has what two layers

A

Parietal and visceral

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16
Q

The ________ ________ is a thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium containing serous fluid

A

Pericardial caity

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17
Q

Fibrous pericardium is fused to ________ pericardium

A

Parietal

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18
Q

Visceral layer of serous pericardium is also called

A

Epicardium

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19
Q

The cardiac muscle and thickest of three layers is

A

Myocardium

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20
Q

The internal surface of heart chambers is called

A

Endocardium

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21
Q

Epicardium is made of what CT

A

Areolar

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22
Q

Endocardium is made of what 2 CTs

A

Simple squamous, areolar

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23
Q

The wall of the _________ ventricle is about 3 times thicker than the _________ ventricle

A

Left, Right

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24
The 2 coordinated masses of fibers that coordinate the heart are called
Syncitiums
25
Cardiac muscle cells are arranged in _________ bundles around the heart chambers When atria contract, they _________ the walls of the chambers inwards to move blood into ventricles When _________ contracts, the heart contracts like the wringing of a mop; - Begins at _________ of heart of heart and compresses superiorly, moving blood into the _________ _________
Spiral Compress Ventricles Apex, great arteries
26
Heart development begins in week _________ of embryonic development. - Heart tubes (endocardial tubes) form from the _________ and fuse in day 21 What are the expansions of the tube? Tube folds to become S-shape
3 mesoderm Sinus venosus, primitve atrium, primitive ventricle, bulbus cordis
27
What are the 2 fetal remnants?
Ligamentum arteriosum Fossa ovalis
28
anterior part of each atrium forms an _________
Auricle
29
_________ _________ is a groove separating atria and ventricles
Coronary sulcus
30
_________ ______ _________ and _________ _________ _________ bring blood from circulation
Superior and inferior vena cava
31
Ligamentum arteriosum connects _________ _________ to _________ _________ _________
Ascending aorta, left pulmonary artery
32
The right and left coronary arteries travel within _________ _________ and supply _________ _________ with oxygen and nutrients Branches off _________ _________ just superior to aortic semilunar valve
Coronary sulcus, heart wall Ascending aorta
33
The right coronary artery branches into _________ artery - This artery supplies the _________ border of the heart _________ _________ artery - Supplies _________ surfaces of left and right ventricles
Right marginal Right Posterior inventricular artery posterior
34
The left coronary artery branches into _________ _________ artery - also called left anterior descending artery - Supplies _________ surfaces of both ventricles and most of _________ _________ _________ artery - Supplies the _________ atrium and ventricle
Anterior inventricular - anterior, inventricular septum Circumflex - Left
35
What vein runs alongside anterior interventricular artery
Great cardiac
36
What vein runs alongside posterior interventricular artery
Middle cardiac vein
37
What vein travels close to right marginal artery
Small cardiac
38
What two valves close and cause the first "lubb" sound
Atrioventricular
39
What two valves close and cause the second "dupp" sound
Semilunar
40
What are the two atrioventricular valves
Tricuspid and bicuspid valves
41
What are the two semilunar valves
Pulmonary, aortic
42
_________ _________ separates ventricles _________separates atria
Interventricular septum Interatrial septum
43
Pectinate muscles are in the _________
Atria
44
Trabeculae carneae and papillary muscles are in the _________
Ventricles
45
The semilunar valves are at the base of _________
Arteries
46
What the bicuspid valve is open, the _________ _________ are slacking and the _________ _________ are relaxed
Chordae tendineae and papillary muscles
47
When the bicuspid valve is closed, the chordae tendinae is _________ and the papillary muscles are _________
Taut, contracted
48
There is _________ CT between atria and ventricles Provides structural support and acts as an _________ _________ between atria and ventricles
Dense irregular, electrical insulator
49
A cardiac cycle is the time from the start of one heartbeat to the start of the next one. A cycle contains contraction and relaxation - Contraction of the chamber is called _________ - Relaxation of the chamber is called _________
Systole Diastole
50
_________ valves open in systole
Semilunar
51
_________ valves open in distole
Atrioventricular
52
Blood flows from high pressure to low pressure Blood flows from _________ to atria under LOW pressure Heart _________ keep blood flowing in one directly
Veins Valves
53
About 70% of ventricular filling occurs when chambers are _________ _________ _________ fulls the final 30%
Relaxed Atrial systole
54
Ventricular systole _________ blood pressure in ventricles _________ valves are forced closed _________ valves open to allow blood to pass to _________ _________
Increases AV Semilunar, great arteries
55
What are the steps of blood flow starting from systemic vein?
systemic veins, Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, right atrioventricular valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk and arteries, gas exchange in lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left atrioventricular valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, systemic arteries, gas exchange in peripheral tissue
56
The heart exhibits ___________ Electrical impulses begin at the ___________ ___________ (heart's pacemaker) - Located on ___________ wall of ___________adjacent to opening of superior vena cava
Autorhythmicity Sinoatrial node - posterior, right atrium
57
Impulse from SA node travel via ___________ junctions to left atrium and ___________ node on floor of right atrium - Impulse is paused at __________ node delaying activation of ventricles as they fill with blood
Gap, atrioventricular AV
58
Impulse leaves AV node, enters ___________ ___________ extending into interventricular septum
AV bundle (Bundle of His)
59
Once within the septum, the AV bundle divides into ___________ and ___________ bundles (bundle branches)
Left and right
60
Bundle branches pass impulse to ___________ ___________
Purkinje fibers
61
Purkinje fibers begin at ___________ ___________
Heart apex
62
Purkinje fibers spread impulse superiorly from apex to all of ___________ myocardium
Ventricular
63
P wave: QRS complex: T wave:
Atrial depolarization Ventricular (And atrial) depolarization Ventricular repolarization
64
Cardiac muscle is striated with extensive ___________ ___________ similar to skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle fibers contract as a single unit - Connected with ___________ junctions as parts of ___________ ___________ between adjacent fibers
Capillary networks Gap, intercalated discs
65
Each electrical impulse is distributed immediately and spontaneously throughout myocardium There is also ___________ contact between SR and T-tubules (There are no triads)
Less
66
What does autonomic innervation do?
Increase or decreases rate of heartbeat does not INITIATE heartbeat
67
Sympathetic innervation starts with neurons T- to T-
T1-T5
68
___________ axons enter sympathetic trunk and synapse on ___________ ___________
Preganglionic, ganglionic neurons
69
___________ axons project from cervical and thoracic ganglia and travel to heart via cardia nerves
Postganglionic
70
Sympathetic input ___________ rate and force of heart contractions
Increases
71
Parasympathetic innervation starts with neurons in ___________ ___________ via left and right ___________ nerve - PS activity ___________ heart rate but has no effect on force of contraction
medulla oblangata, vagus nerve Decreases

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