4.07 Reproductive system I

Question 1

The___________ is a region between thighs
- bounded by ___________ ___________, ___________ ___________, and ___________

Answer 1

Perineum

Pubic symphysis, ischial tuberosities, coccyx

Question 2

Urogenital triangle: contains what in females?

Answer 2

Urethral and vaginal orifices

Question 3

Urogenital triangle contains what in males?

Answer 3

base of penis and scrotum

Question 4

Anal triangle contains what?

Answer 4

Anus and external anal sphincter

Question 5

Male and female reproductive systems have ___________ ___________

• both systems have primary sex organs called ___________
• what is it in females?
• what is it in males?

Answer 5

Homologous structures

gonads
ovaries
testes

Question 6

Gonads produce sex cells called ___________
- what is it in females?
- what is in males?

Answer 6

Gametes

Oocytes
sperm

Question 7

Gonads produce sex hormones
- what are they in females?
- what are they in males?

Answer 7

Estrogen, progesterone

Testosterone

Question 8

___________ pouch: space between uterus and urinary bladder

___________ pouch: space between uterus and rectum

Answer 8

Vesicouterine

Rectouterine

Question 9

Ligaments near ovaries

Mesometrium: mesentery of ___________

Mesosalpinx: mesentery of ___________

Mesovarium: Mesentery of ___________

Answer 9

Uterus, largest part of broad ligament

uterine tube

Ovary

Question 10

What does ovarian ligament do?

Answer 10

Anchors ovary to lateral uterus

Question 11

What does suspensory ligament of ovary do?

Answer 11

Attaches lateral ovary to pelvic wall

Question 12

Every ovary is surrounded by what epithelium?

Answer 12

Germinal epithelium

Question 13

What type of epithelium is germinal epithelium?

Answer 13

SImple cuboidal

Question 14

Deep to germinal epithelium is ___________ ___________

Answer 14

Tunica Albuginea

Question 15

Deep to tunica albuginea, ovary is divided into what?

Answer 15

Outer cortex, inner medulla

Question 16

The cortex contains what?

Answer 16

Ovarian follicles

Question 17

Medulla contains what?

Answer 17

CT, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves

Question 18

Within ovary cortex is ___________ ___________

Answer 18

Ovarian follicles

Question 19

A follicle consists of an ___________ surrounded by ___________ __________

Answer 19

Oocyte, follicle cells

Question 20

Stages of development of follicles

Answer 20

Primordial follicle, primary follicle, secondary follicle, antral follicle, mature follicle, corpus luteam, corpus albicans

Question 21

Primordial follicles consist of ___________ ___________ cells surrounded by a layer of ___________ cells

Answer 21

Primary oocyte
Squamous follicle cells

Question 22

A primary follicle has a ___________ ___________ surrounded by a single layer of ___________ ___________ cells

• A ___________ ___________ of extracellular matrix (glycoprotein) surrounds the plasma membrane of the oocyte

Answer 22

primary oocyte
cuboidal granulosa

Zona pellucida

Question 23

A secondary follicle contains a primary oocyte, many layers of ___________, and some ___________ cells (connective tissue)

Answer 23

Granulosa, thecal

Question 24

A primary oocyte is arrested in what phase?

A secondary oocyte is arrested in what phase?

Answer 24

Prophase I

Metaphase II

Question 25

The only ovarian follicle containing a secondary oocyte is a ___________ ___________

Answer 25

Mature follicle

Question 26

An antral follicle contains fluid-filled ___________ with granulosa cells - ___________ ___________ is innermost layer of granulosa that make up ___________ ___________ surrounding oocyte

Answer 26

antrum - corona radiate, cumulus oophorus

Question 27

A mature follicle contains ___________ oocyte, numerous granulosa cells, and large fluid-filled ___________ - typically how many mature follicles form each month?

Answer 27

Secondary, atrum 1

Question 28

After oocyte is ovulated, remnants of follicles become ___________ ___________

Answer 28

Corpus luteum

Question 29

What does corpus luteum secrete?

Answer 29

Progesterone, estrogen

Question 30

After corapus luteum breaks down, it becomes ___________ ___________, a white CT scar that is then reabsorbed

Answer 30

Corpus albicans

Question 31

Puberty starts when ___________ increases release of what hormone?

Answer 31

Hypothalamus Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 32

GnRH stimulates ___________ ___________ to secrete what two hormones?

Answer 32

Anterior pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing (LH)

Question 33

FSH and LH stimulate ___________

Answer 33

Gonads

Question 34

___________ is the maturation of a primary oocyte to a secondary oocyte

Answer 34

Oogenesis

Question 35

During fetal life, ___________ ___________ cells (___________) start oogenesis - are arrested as primary oocytes in what phase?

Answer 35

Primordial germ, oogonia Prophase I

Question 36

During childhood, ovaries are inactive and some primordial follicles degenerate called ___________

Answer 36

Atresia

Question 37

Follicular phase spans from what days? - ___________ and ___________follicle to rapidly grow - as ___________ ___________ matures, it's oocytes finishes meiosis

Answer 37

Day 1-13 FSH, LH Antral follicle

Question 38

___________ occurs on day 14 a peak in ___________ secretion causes mature follicle to swell and rupture, expelling what?

Answer 38

Ovulation LH Secondary oocyte

Question 39

___________ phase is from day 15-28 Granulosa cells of former follicle becomes ___________ ___________ - secretes what hormones to prepare for pregnancy? - if no fertilization occurs, ___________ ___________ degenerates

Answer 39

Luteal, corpus luteum Estrogen, progesterone corpus luteam

Question 40

If no fertilization occurs during ovulation, estrogen/progesterone (increases/decreases) - results in ___________

Answer 40

Decreases Menstruation

Question 41

The first menstruation is called ___________

Answer 41

Menarche

Question 42

Uterine tubes extend ___________ from both sides of uterus towards ovaries

Answer 42

laterally

Question 43

The ___________ ___________ is fertilized in lateral part of uterine tube - takes pre-emrbyo how many days to travel length of uterine tube and reach lumen of uterus

Answer 43

secondary oocyte 3

Question 44

Tubes are 10-12 cm and are covered by ___________ part of the broad ligament

Answer 44

Mesosalpinx

Question 45

Regions of uterine tube - Infubdibulum: funnel-like lateral margin of tube with fingerlike projections called ___________ - Ampulla: expanded region medial to infundibulum where ___________ occurs - Isthmus: medial to ___________ and 1/3 of uterine tube - Uterine part: medial to isthmus, ___________ with uterus

Answer 45

Fimbriae fertilization ampulla Continuous

Question 46

Which part of uterine tube does fertilization occur in?

Answer 46

Ampulla

Question 47

Uterine tube has___________ cells with ___________ and ___________ cells

Answer 47

Peg cells, microilli Simple columnar epithelium

Question 48

Are peg cells ciliated or non-ciliated?

Answer 48

nonciliated

Question 49

Uterus has a ___________ that is continuous with uterine tubes Uterine tube is ___________ to uterus Vagina is ___________ to uterus

Answer 49

Lumen superolateral inferior

Question 50

What is the position of the uterus? (Anterosuperior across superiro surface of urinary bladder)

Answer 50

Anteverted

Question 51

If position of uterus is posterosuperior (projecting towards rectum), the position is called ___________

Answer 51

Retroverted

Question 52

What are uterine functions?

Answer 52

Site of implantation Supports and protects development of fetus Ejects fetus during birth

Question 53

Regions of uterus Fundus: Body: Isthmus: constricted segment between ___________ and ___________ Cervix: Narrow inferior part projecting into vagina - within cervix there is a ___________ ___________ that connects to vagina - superior opening to cervical canal is ___________ ___________ - inferior opening is ___________ ___________ which contains mucus plug

Answer 53

Superior dome major part with thick walls body and cervix cervical canal internal os external os

Question 54

What is a pap smear?

Answer 54

diagnostic method for cervical cancer screening

Question 55

Layers of uterus wall Perimetrium: ___________ layer, composed of ___________ Myometrium: Thick, middle tunic of smooth muscle capable of ___________ and ___________ during pregnancy Endometrium: mucosa of simple columnar epithelium and underlying lamina propria with ___________ ___________

Answer 55

Outermost, serosa hypertrophy, hyperplasia uterine glands

Question 56

Basal layer of endometrium: undergoes ___________ change during uterine cycle Functional layer of endometrium: changes ___________ during uterine circle - what happens to it if fertilization and implantation don't occur?

Answer 56

Little thickness it sheds

Question 57

Uterine cycle - changes in ___________ as influenced by what hormones?

Answer 57

Endometrium progesterone, estrogen

Question 58

Three phases of menstrual cycle Menstrual phase: what days? - Menstrual ___________ Proliferative phase: what days? - development of endometrium's ___________ layer Secretory phase: what days? - increased ___________ and development of ___________ ___________ - due to high___________ levels

Answer 58

Days 1-5 bleeding 6-15 functional 15-28 vascularization, uterine glands - progesterone

Question 59

Vagina is 10 cm long and connects ___________ to outside of body - What are the 3 tunics? -mucosa is ___________ epithelium with highly ___________ lamina propria

Answer 59

Uterus mucosa, muscularis, adventitia nonkeratinized stratified squamous, vascularized

Question 60

Opening of vagina is called ___________ ___________ near opening, folds of ___________ from a memranous barrier called ___________

Answer 60

Vaginal orifice mucosa, hymen

Question 61

___________ ___________ is expanse of skin and subcutaneous CT anterior to pubic symphysis

Answer 61

Mons pubis

Question 62

___________ ___________ are paired, thickened folds of skin covered with hair - contains what glands?

Answer 62

Labia majora - sebaceous, sweat

Question 63

___________ ___________ is paired folds medial to labia majora, no hair - highly ___________ - contains many ___________ - space between them is ___________

Answer 63

Labia minora vascularized melanocytes vestibule

Question 64

What is between the vestibule of labia minora?

Answer 64

Urethral opening and vaginal orifice

Question 65

___________ ___________of vestibule on either vaginal orifice increase sensitivity during intercourse

Answer 65

Erectile bulbs

Question 66

A pair of ___________ glands secrete mucin to lubricate vagina

Answer 66

Greater vestibular glands

Question 67

The ___________ is a small erectile body located anterior to labia majora

Answer 67

Clitoris

Question 68

___________ ___________ form the body of the clitoris - ___________ caps the body of the clitoris - The ___________ is an external fold of labia minora that forms hood over clitoris

Answer 68

Corpora cavernosa glans prepuse

Question 69

Each mammary gland is ___________ ___________ ___________ gland that functions to produce and secrete milk

Answer 69

Compound tubuloalveolar gland

Question 70

The ___________ is a cylindrical projection of breast containing multiple openings from internal secretory ducts

Answer 70

Nipple

Question 71

___________ is pigmented ring around nipple

Answer 71

Areola

Question 72

Suspensory ligaments are CT that support breast by attaching skin to deep fascia of ___________ ___________ muscle

Answer 72

Pectoralis major

Question 73

Mammary glands are divided into ___________ which divide into ___________

Answer 73

Lobes, lobules

Question 74

Lobules contain secretory units called ___________ that produce milk milk drains into ___________ ___________

Answer 74

Alveoli lactiferous ducts

Question 75

___________ ___________ are expansions of ducts as they approach nipple

Answer 75

Lactiferous sinuses