4.05 - Digestive system 2 and lympatic system Flashcards by User 28

Liver is located in ___________ quadrant of abdomen

Right

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Right and left lobes are separated by _________ _________

Falciform ligament

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_________ ligament of liver is remnant of _________ vein

Round, umbilical

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_________ is seen under right lobe of liver

Gallbladder

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What lobe in the liver is the largest?

Right

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The porta hepatis is where what 3 things enter liver?

Vessels, bile ducts, nerves

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Ligamentum venosum is remnant of embryonic _________ _________

Ductus venosus

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CT parts liver into thousands of _________ _________ _________ containing _________

Polyhedral hepatic lobules, hepatocytes

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At periphery of lobule, what are 3 portal triads?

Hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, bile ducts

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_________ _________ in middle of lobule acts as drain

Central vein

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Hepatic portal vein carries NUTRIENT rich blood from _________ _________ capillaries , _________ and _________

TO _________

GI tract, spleen, pancrease to liver

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Hepatic artery proper carries OXYGEN rich blood to liver, splits into left and right _________ _________

Hepatic veins empty into _________ _________ _________

Hepatic arteries

Inferior vena cava

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Hepatic lobules contain ________ ________ ________
- Leaky capillaries are lined with ________ cells
- They are ________ with immune function

Hepatocytes absorb nutrients and produce ________
- Between cords of hepatocytes are ________ ________ that bring bile to bile duct in portal triad

Radiating hepatic sinusoids
Reticuloendothelial
phagocytes

bile
Bile canaliculi

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Gallbladder is attached to inferior surface of ________
- store and concentrate ________

________ ________ connect gallbladder to common bile duct

Liver
bile

Cystic duct

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What are the 3 regions of gallbladder?

neck, body, fundus

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Biliary apparatus transports bile from ________ and ________ to ________

liver and gall bladder to duodenum

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Left and right lobes of liver drain into left and right ________ ________

Hepatic ducts

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Let and right hepatic ducts merge to form ________ ________ ________

Common hepatic duct

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The cystic duct and common hepatic merge to form ________ ________ ________

Common bile duct

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Common bile duct and main pancreatic duct merge to form ________ ________
-Enteres duodenum at ________ ________

hepatopancreatic ampulla

Major duodenal papilla

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Pancreas had endocrine and exocrine functions
-endocrine functions performed by ________ ________
- exocrine functions involve ________ cells secreting ________ ________ (mucin, enzymes) into duodenum via ________ (and accessory) ________ ________

Pancreatic islets
- acinar, pancreatic juice, main pancreatic duct

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What are the three unpaired arteries from anterior wall of abdominal aorta and supply blood to GI tract and accessory organs?

Celiac trunk, superior mesentric artery, inferior mesentric artery

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What three branches of celiac trunk?

Left gatric, splenic, common hepatic

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Left gastric artery: supplies
Splenic artery: supplies
Common hepatic: supplies

Lesser curvature of stomach, lower esophagus
Spleen, part of stomach
Liver, gall bladder, part of stomach

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Anastomses Left gastric artery (from __________ __________) with __________ __________ artery (from __________ __________) Left gastro-omental artery (from __________ __________) with __________ __________ __________ ( from __________ __________ of __________ __________) Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from __________ __________ from __________ __________) with __________ __________ (from __________ __________)

celiac trunk, right gastric artery (hepatic proper artery) splenic, right gastro-omental artery (gastroduodenal artery from common hepatic artery) Gastroduodenal artery from common hepatic, inferior pancreaticoduodenal (superior mesentric)

The superior mesentric artery provides blood to which branches?

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal Intestineal arteries Ileocolic artery Right colic artery Middle colic artery

What do these arteries supply? Inferior pancreaticoduodenal Intestineal arteries Ileocolic artery Right colic artery Middle colic artery

Portions of pancreas and duodenum Jejunum, ileaum Ileum, cecum, appendix ascending colon transverse colon

Inferior mesentric Branches - Left colic artery supplies: - SIgmoid arteries supply: - Seuperior rectal arteries supply:

distal part of transverse colon and proximal part of descending colon distal descending colon, sigmoid colon rectum, upper half of anal canal

Hepatic portal system brings nutrient rich blood from digestive organs to _________

Liver

Hepatic portal vein is a fusion of: inferior mesentric vein: Drains distal part of __________ Splenic vein: drains __________ __________ and __________ Superior mesentric vein: drains blood from __________. __________, __________, __________ Hepatic veins collect blood from liver and return it to __________ __________ __________

Colon Spleen, pancreas, stomach Small intestine, proximal colon, pancreas, stomach Inferior vena cava

The lymphatic system transports and helps fight infections - excess interstitial fluid from blood __________ enter lymph vessels after entering vessels, fluid is called __________ lymph vessels return fluid to __________ circulation if not removed, it would cause __________

Capillaries lymph venous Edema

lymph vessels transport __________ __________ __________ absorb lipids in intestine

Dietary lipids lacteals

lymphatic system generates __________ __________ against __________ Lymphatic organs aid in production and maturation of __________

immune response, antigens lymphocytes

Lymphocytes and macrophages monitor body for foreign substances some cells produce __________ that bind the pathogen and other lymphatic cells attach antigen directly Some cells become __________ cells to attack antigen if it appears again

Antibodies Memory

Lymph vessel network transports excess fluid back to __________ Lymph is carried through progressively __________ diameter vessels What is the order of vessels from smallest to large?

Blood Larger Capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts

Lymphatic capillaries are __________ __________ tubes interspersed among blood capillary beds Not found in __________ __________ or __________ tissue associated with __________ __________ __________ of brain

Close ended Red marrow, avascular Dural venous sinuses

Lymphatic capillaries resemble blood capillaries but have __________ __________ cells that act as __________ entry flaps - flaps are attached by anchoring __________ to nearby structures

Overlapping endothelial, one-way Filaments

The gastrointestinal tract contain __________ - collects __________ fluid, __________, and __________ __________ - lymph collected from gastrointestinal system is __________

Lacteals - interstitial, lipids, lipid-soluble vitamins - Chyle

Lymphatic vessels and trunks - lymphatic capillaries merge to lymphatic __________ - they have __________

trunks, valve

jugular trunks: Subclavian trunks: bronchiomediastinal trunks: Intestinal trunks: Lumbar trunks:

Head and neck upper limbs, breasts, superficial thoracic wall deep thoracic structures most abdominal structures lower limbs, abdominopelvic wall, pelvic organs

lymphatic trunks fuse into lymphatic __________

Ducts

Right lymphatic duct is deep to __________ and returns lymph at junction of __________ __________ and __________ __________ veins - returns lymph from __________ side of head and neck, right __________ __________, and right side of __________

Clavicle, right subclavian, internal jugular Right, upper limbs, thorax

What is largest lymphatic vessel?

Thoracic duct

Thoracic duct begins inferior to __________ as a rounded like structure called __________ __________ - collects lymph from most of body excluding right lymphatic duct - passes through diaphragm's __________ __________ and returns lymph into junction between __________ __________ and __________ __________ veins

Diaphragm Cisterna chyli aortic opening, left subclavian, internal jugular

__________ immune responses are present from birth - ex skin, mucous membranes, inflammation, natural killer cells, phagocytes __________ immunity develops during life - in response to infection or vaccination, involves recognition of antigens and has memory component - important cells are __________ and __________

Innate Adaptive B lymphocytes (cells), T lymphocytes (cells)

What cell is 15-30% of lymphocytes? What cell is 70-80% of lymphocytes?

B cell T cell

B cells (15-30%) matures in __________ __________ Turns into:

Bone marrow Plasma cells (produce a lot of antibodies_ Memory T cells

T cells (70-85% of lymphocytes) Matures in __________ __________ Turns into:

Thyroid glands helper T cells (interact with antigen presenting cells) Cytotoxic T cells (destroys target cells) Memory cells

What is an autoimmunse disorder?

Immune system fails to recognoze self and attacks body cells

What is an allergic response?

Abnormal immune reaction (false reaction) to something harmless

Primary lymphatic organs - where __________ cells divide and become __________ (capable of mounting an immune response) - What are the primary lymphatic organs?

Stem, immunocompetent Red bone marrow, thymus

Secondary lymphatic organs - site where __________ __________ occur - What are the secondary lymphatic organs?

Immune responses - lymph nodes, spleen , lymphatic nodules

What are the lymphatic organs? (at least have a partially connective tissue capsule) __________ __________ is not an organ (does not have CT capsule)

Thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils Lymph nodules

Lymphoid nodules are clusters of lymphoid cells with some extracurricular matrix but NO __________ __________

Connective tissue capsule

Lymphoid nodules - center of nodule is __________ __________, contains proliferating __________ and macrophages - __________ located outside of germinal center

Germinal center, B-lymphocytes T-lypmhocytes

Lymphoid modules __________ and __________ antigens

Filter, attack

MALT (Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue) consists of lymphoid nodules within mucosa of __________, __________, __________, __________ tracts - nodules monitor and respond to __________ that may enter tracts

Gastrointestinal, respiratory, genital, urinary Antigens

MALT is prominent in __________, nodules are called __________

Ileum, peyer patches

__________ are large clusters of lymphoid cells - Where is it located?

Tonsils, pharynx

pharyngeal tonsils: in posterosuperior wall of __________ __________ tonsils: Posterolateral wall of oral cavity Lingual tonsils: Along __________ __________ of tongue

Nasopharynx Palatine posterior 1/3

Tonsils form crypts for trapping antigens, facilitates __________ __________ by lymphocytes

Antigen identification

What are main lymphoid organs?

Thymus, lymph nodes, spleen

Thymus is __________ organ located superficial to __________ - Lobes are divided by __________ __________ __________ - Each lobules has an outer __________ and inner __________ Continues to grow during puberty and __________ in size and function

Bilobed, heart Connective tissue trabeculae cortex, medulla Regresses

Thymus is site of __________ maturation and differentiation - cortex contains __________ T- lymphocytes, nurse cells and macrophages - __________ __________ secrete thymic hormones - Medulla contains __________ T-lymphocytes and epithelial cells - in adulthood, T-lymphocytes can only be produced by __________ __________ and not by maturation of new cells in thymus

T-lymphocyte immature nurse cells mature cell division

Lymph nodes are locate din pathway of __________ __________ - __________ antigens from lymph and __________ immune response

Lymphatic vessels filter, initiate

What are the lymph nodes?

Axillary, inguinal, cervical

Lymph node is surrounded by tough CT __________ - internal extensions of capsule is __________ - __________ cells surround trabeculae and sinuses and provide pathway

capsule trabeculae lymphoid cells

lymph node cortex : nodules and sinuses called __________ __________ lymph node medulla: __________ __________ and __________ __________

Cortical sinuses medullary cords, medullary sinuses

afferent lymphatic vessels from __________ to __________ efferent lymphatic vessels tranposrt filtered lymph __________ __________ lymph node at the __________

lymph to lymph node away from, hilum

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

Spleen

Spleen is located lateral to __________ __________ A splenic artery and vein enter spleen via __________ Surrounded by __________ __________ CT capsule - sends __________ into organ

Left kidney Hilum Dense irregular trabeculae

__________ __________ (branches of splenic arteries and veins) extend within trabeculae cells around trabeculae are subdivided into __________ and __________

Trabecular vessels White, red pulp

White pulp does __________ supply - what cells does it have? In center of each cluster is a __________ __________

Arterial T-cells, B-cells, macrophages central artery

__________ __________ surrounds each cluster of white pulp

Red pulp

Red pulp does __________ supply - has splenic __________ and splenic __________

Venous cords, sinusoids

Splenic cords and sinusoids has what cells?

Erythrocytes, platelets, macrophages, plasma

Blood cells can easily enter and leave blood stream in spleen because capillaries are __________

Sinusoidal

Function of spleen - __________ immune response when antigens are found in __________ - stores __________ and __________ - __________ old, defective erythrocytes and platelets - Phagocytizes __________ and other foreign material

Initiates, blood erythrocytes, platelets phagocytizes bacteria

4.05 - Digestive system 2 and lympatic system Flashcards

(78 cards)