4.2.1

Question 1

What is a species?

Answer 1

being able to breed to produce fertile offspring

Question 2

What is a habitat?

Answer 2

an area where individuals live

Question 3

What is biodiversity?

Answer 3

variety of life
variety of ecosystems
genetic diversity / variety of genes
number of species

Question 4

What is habitat biodiversity?>

Answer 4

range of habitats in which different species live in

Question 5

What is species richness?

Answer 5

number of different species in a give area

Question 6

What is species evenness?

Answer 6

proportion of community that is made up of an individual species

Question 7

What has the greater biodiversity? a meadow or a field of wheat

Answer 7

meadow
as meadow has higher species evenness

Question 8

What does a high simpsons index indicate?

Answer 8

high biodiversity
high species richness
ecosystem is stable
likely to withstand a change

Question 9

What does a low simpson’s index indicate?

Answer 9

dominated by 1 species
change in 1 species likely to affect whole habitat
ecosystem is unstable, unlikely to withstand a change

Question 10

Why is randomising important?

Answer 10

avoid bias

Question 11

How do you get coordinates for the quadrat?

Answer 11

generate random numbers from a computer to plot coordinates

Question 12

What is a regular distance to take samples at?

Answer 12

every 5m

Question 13

What should be representive of the area?

Answer 13

the number of samples

Question 14

Why should you do the quadrats many times?

Answer 14

calc mean

Question 15

What should you avoid doing to the same plant?

Answer 15

Avoid recounting

Question 16

When should you sample?

Answer 16

different times of year / month / day / weather conditions

Question 17

What is a quardrat used for?

Answer 17

calc % cover of number of individuals of each species

Question 18

How do you use a belt transect?

Answer 18

use quadrat
every __ metres
count the n of organisms of each species
using an identification key
avoid recounting
calc mean
repeat @ diff times of yearW

Question 19

What are belt transects and line transects useful for?

Answer 19

cliffs
rocky shores
other similar habitats

Question 20

How do you use a line transect?

Answer 20

count the organisms touching the line
not as detailed or accurate representation of the total pop

Question 21

How do you sample a field?

Answer 21

use 2 tape measures to make a grid
generate random coordinates
use a quadrat at those coordinates count number of individuals of each species
use identification key
use method to avoid recounting
sample at diff times of year

Question 22

What is stratified sampling?

Answer 22

use belt transect
use quadrat in each strata and repeat so it represents the area
every __ metres
count number of organisms of each species
use an identification key
use method to avoid recounting
calc mean
repeat at diff times of year

Question 23

What should you use to sample smaller animals?

Answer 23

sweep net
collecting from trees
pitfall trap
tullgren funnel
light trap

Question 24

What is the equation for the proportion f polymorphic gene loci?

Answer 24

number of polymorphic gene loci
/
total number of loci

Question 25

What is the realtionship between polymorphic gene loci and genetic biodiversity?

Answer 25

greater the number of polymorphic gene loci greater genetic biodiversity

Question 26

What is human's impact on env?

Answer 26

human pop inc using resources like crops loss if diversity extintion hunting killing for protetion killing to prevent competition introducing new animals

Question 27

What is the effect of global warming?

Answer 27

melting ice caps raising temp of sea habitats destoryed and melting

Question 28

Why is monoculture bad?

Answer 28

decreases habitat and species and genetic biodiversity

Question 29

What is a monoculture?

Answer 29

1 crop grown on many fields

Question 30

What does monoculture remove?

Answer 30

hedges

Question 31

What happens to the soil as a result of monoculture?

Answer 31

takes nutrients away from soil

Question 32

What ar the economic reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

Answer 32

ecotourism Source of med purpose of scientific research soil depletion

Question 33

What are the ecological reasons for maintaining biodiversity?

Answer 33

part of a food web/chain (keystone species) part of a habitat

Question 34

What is a keystone species?

Answer 34

plant / animal that plays a crucial, unique role in the way an ecosystem functions

Question 35

What would happenw ithout a keystone species?

Answer 35

ecosystem would dramaticall be different or cease to exist

Question 36

What are aesthetic / social reasons to maintain biodiversity?

Answer 36

enjoyed by future generations beautiful to look at

Question 37

What is in-situ?

Answer 37

protecting animals and plants in their natural habitat

Question 38

What is an example of in-situ?

Answer 38

ntional parks hunting bans

Question 39

What is an example of ex-situ?

Answer 39

protecting animals and plants away from their natural habitat

Question 40

What is an example of ex-situ?

Answer 40

seed bank

Question 41

Why is it better to store seeds than adult plants?

Answer 41

seeds are produced in excess can be collected without damage to plant cheaper to transport viable for long periods less susceptible to disease store greater diversity

Question 42

What are adv of in-situ?

Answer 42

more likely to survive in the wild can protect thw whole pop less disruption to animals

Question 43

What are disadv of in-situ?

Answer 43

hard to enforce bans on hunters can't protect from predation and intraspecific competition no protection from climate change

Question 44

What are adv of ex-situ?

Answer 44

feed animals well treated for disease young can be hand-reared reduced mortality of young mating - aritifical selection protection from hunters / poachers reduced intrapsecific competition

Question 45

What are disadv of ex-situ?

Answer 45

can be expensive to set up ethical reasons - caging animals can only care for small numbers less sucsessful at reintroduction breeding in captivity can be less sucsessful

Question 46

What did CITES do?

Answer 46

Regulate and monitor trade in selected species ensure trade in animals does not threaten wild pop prohibit commercial trade of wild plants allow artifically propagated plants to be sold less endagered animals can be traded

Question 47

What does CITES stand for?

Answer 47

convention on International trade in endangered species

Question 48

What does the CBD do?

Answer 48

sustainable use of organisms / habitats and ecosystems share genetic resources share scientific knowledge promote ex-situ conservation raise profile of biodiversity with governments international cooperation on diversity issues

Question 49

What is the CSS?

Answer 49

sustainabale beauty of country side maintain footpaths and remove litter / prvde bins improve habitats for animals preserve archaelogical and historic sites

Question 50

What does CSS stand for?

Answer 50

countryside stewardship scheme

Question 51

What does the CBS stand for?

Answer 51

rIO CONVENTION ON bIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY