Neurological Infections - Encephalitis Flashcards
What is parenchyma?
Functional tissue in any organ
Why is encephalitis usually viral?
Because the parenchyma is made up of tissues and cells and viruses use the cells to replicate their data. And bacteria does not.
What are the two most common viruses that cause encephalitis?
HS1 and arbovirus
What is the patho of encephalitis?
Localized necrosis of neurons and hemorrhage leads to generalized necrosis of neurons and hemorrhage which leads to edema in the brain tissue itself
Is the progression of encephalitis predictable?
No
What are manifestations of encephalitis?
Neurological disturbances (lethargy) Fever Headache Nausea and vomiting Nuchal rigidity
What are complications of encephalitis?
Seizures
In encephalitis, what determines the neurological disturbances that may appear?
The area of the brain that is targeted
Which virus that causes encephalitis is the most aggressive virus?
HS1 virus
Which virus is less severe that causes encephalitis?
Arbovirus
What is the treatment for encephalitis If it is cause by HS1 virus?
Antiviral drugs (acyclovir) must be given IV
What is the treatment if encephalitis is caused by arbovirus?
Symptomatic management and must monitor for complications
How long does it usually take for encephalitis to subside if caused by a less aggressive virus?
About 2 weeks
What are possible long term severe neurological impairments that can arise from encephalitis?
Dementia and epilepsy
What is the mortality rate of encephalitis?
About 30%
