CVA

Question 1

What are two ways a CVA can occur?

Answer 1

From a hemorrhage which is less common and from a thrombus which is more common

Question 2

What are some modifiable risk factors for CVA?

Answer 2

HTN 
Hyperlipidemia 
Atherosclerosis 
Smoking
DM

Question 3

What are non-modifiable risk factors for CVA?

Answer 3

Ageing
Males
Prior strokes
Family history

Question 4

What is the General patho of a stroke?

Answer 4

The brain relies on oxygen and glucose to function and without either neurons die

Question 5

Can the brain metabolize anaerobically?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

What is an ischemic strike also known as?

Answer 6

White stroke

Question 7

What is a hemorrhagic stroke also known as?

Answer 7

Red stroke

Question 8

What is the patho for an ischemic stroke?

Answer 8

A vessel is occluded or obstructed by a thrombus leading to focal ischemia-> a necrotic core forms with a penumbra surrounding it

Question 9

What tissue is salvageable in a stroke?

Answer 9

The penumbra

Question 10

What is focal ischemia in CVA?

Answer 10

Small area of the brain affected because a small vessel was affected

Question 11

What is global ischemia in CVA?

Answer 11

A larger part of the brain affected because a large vessel has been affected

Question 12

Why is there a penumbra in strokes?

Answer 12

The penumbra is being supplied from other small vessels not just the main one that was occluded however if not treated the necrotic core grows larger until it fills in the area that was the penumbra

Question 13

What is the patho of a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 13

Vessel is severed -> hemorrhage -> increase icp -> brain compression

Question 14

What are complications of a hemorrhagic stroke?(2)

Answer 14

Coma and death

Question 15

What is the etiology for hemorrhagic strokes?(4)

Answer 15

HTN
Ageing
Tumor
Aneurysm

Question 16

What is a TIA?

Answer 16

A mini stroke that is of a brief and acute neurological deficit

Question 17

Is there permanent damage in a TIA?

Answer 17

No. TIAs reverse themself before infarct occurs.

Question 18

What is a TIA a result from … Focal or global ischemia?

Answer 18

Focal

Question 19

What is the patho of a TIA?

Answer 19

Vessel is unable to deliver adequate blood for a short period of time -> ischemia but not infarct

Question 20

What are the two main causes of TIAs?

Answer 20

Atherosclerosis

Vasospasm

Question 21

A TIA is a warning sign that what may occur?

Answer 21

A stroke

Question 22

What are mnft of CVA?

Answer 22

Difficulty articulating, speech alteration, visual impairment in 1 eye, one sided weakness in face, arm and/or leg

Question 23

What do the manifestations of a CVA depend on?

Answer 23

The area of the brain that is affected

Question 24

What is the primary goal for someone having a stroke?

Answer 24

Brain preservation = life preservation

Question 25

How is a CVA diagnosed?

Answer 25

Labs (CBC, INR, lipids)
EEG
CT
MRI

Question 26

What is the treatment for a CVA?(5?

Answer 26

Antiplatelets (not for hemorrhage)
TPA (not for hemorrhage)
Treat CV risk factors (statins, antihypertentsives)
Surgery for stenosis (narrowing of valve due to ath) surgery is called carotid endoarterectomy
Prevent recurrence and extension of thrombus (anticoagulants and anti platelets)

Question 27

What is a CVA?

Answer 27

Acute neurological deficit related to the brain being deprived of oxygen and unable to fx d/t ischemia