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MD3002 > oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus > Flashcards

oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus Flashcards

1
Q

where is the hyoid bone

A

opposite c3

it is a supportive strut for the floor of the mouth, tongue and pharynx

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2
Q

where does the oral cavity end

A

the palato glossal arches

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3
Q

what bones form the hard palate

A

the maxilla and horizontal plate of palatine

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4
Q

where is the condylar process

A

on the ramus of the mandible, posteriorly

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5
Q

where is the coronoid process

A

on the ramus of the mandible, anteriorly

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6
Q

what is the lower attachment for the pterygomandibular raphe

A

retromolar fossa

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7
Q

what lies in the mandibular foramen

A

the inferior alveolar/ dental nerve which supplies the lower teeth

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8
Q

what attaches at the mylohyoid line which is a line on the internal aspect of the mandible

A

the mylohyoid muscle

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9
Q

what lies in the submandibular fossa

A

the submandibular gland

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10
Q

what lies in the sublinguinal fossa

A

the sublinguinal gland

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11
Q

which muscle opens the mouth

A

lateral pterygoid

movement occurs in the upper joint cavity

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12
Q

which muscles close the mouth

A

medial pterygoid, masseter and temporalis

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13
Q

what nerve supplies the muscles that close the mouth

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)

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14
Q

what nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression (obicularis oris, buccinator, depressor anguli oris, levator anguli oris)

A

facial, cranial nerve 7

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15
Q

where is the modiolus

A

lateral to the corner of the mouth

it is the point of cross over for the fibres of buccinator

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16
Q

what nerves supply sensation to the skin over the cheeks and lips and the mucous membrane

A

maxillary and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve, V2 and 3

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17
Q

what muscle makes up the floor of the mouth

A

mylohyoid, suspended between the madible and the hyoid bone. It supports the tongue.

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18
Q

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus, palatoglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus

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19
Q

what nerve supplies the tongue extrinsics

A

hypoglossal -Cn7

and vagus supplies palatoglossus

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20
Q

name the two arches in the mouth

A

palatoglossal arch and palatopharyngeal

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21
Q

what bone is the cheek bone

A

zygoma

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22
Q

what two muscles make up the pterygomandibular raphe

A

buccinator and superior pharyngeal constrictor

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23
Q

what movements contribute to open the mouth

A

protrustion and depression

the condyle and disc glide together

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24
Q

what movements close the mouth

A

retraction and elevation

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25
Q

what are the muscles of facial expression

A

obicularis oris, buccinator, levator and depressor anguli oris

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26
Q

what bones do the muscles of facial expression attach to

A

zygoma, maxilla and mandible. they insert into the skin

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27
Q

what type of epithelium lines the inside of the cheeks

A

non keratinised, stratified squamous epithelium lining the mucous membrane

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28
Q

what type of salivary glands are found in the cheeks

A

mucous

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29
Q

what is the lower attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe

A

retromolar fossa

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30
Q

what is the upper attachment of the pterygomandibular raphe

A

pterygoid hamulus at the lower end of the medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

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31
Q

what nerve supplies sensation to the skin of the cheeks and lips, and the corresponding internal mucous membrane

A

branches from the maxillary and mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve (V2 and 3)

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32
Q

what nerve supplies mylohyoid

A

V3

mandibular division of trigeminal

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33
Q

where might infection in the floor of the mouth spread to

A

along fascial planes to the larynx leading to airway closure(oedema)

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34
Q

what muscle lies over mylohyoid

A

geniohyoid

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35
Q

what does palatoglossus attach to

A

palatine aponeurosis

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36
Q

what does styloglossus attach to

A

styloid process

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37
Q

what do palatoglossus and styloglossus do

A

draw the tongue upwards and backwards

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38
Q

what does hyoglossus do

A

draws the sides of the tongue down

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39
Q

what does genioglossus do

A

protrudes the tongue

attached to the chin

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40
Q

what marking divides the tongue into an anterior 2/3 and a posterior 1/3

A

terminal sulcus

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41
Q

what type of papillae line the tongue

A

fungiform
filliform
circumvalate
they allow the tongue to grip food

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42
Q

what is the purpose of saliva

A

lubrication
start digestion
maintain health of teeth and gums

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43
Q

what type of epithelium is found on the tongue

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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44
Q

what nerve supplies the ant 2/3 of the tongue

A

linguinal -v3

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45
Q

what nerve supplies the post 1/3 of the tongue

A

glossopharyngeal -Cn9

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46
Q

where does the linguinal artery branch from

A

external carotid

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47
Q

where do the deep and dorsal veins of the tongue drain to

A

internal jugular

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48
Q

where does the back of the tongue drain lymph to

A

upper deep cervical nodes

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49
Q

where does the tip of the tongue drain to

A

submental lymph nodes

50
Q

where does the side of the tongue drain lymph to

A

inferior deep cervical nodes and submandibular nodes

51
Q

what type of saliva is produced by each gland

A

parotid - serous
submandibular- serous and mucous
sublinguinal - mucous

52
Q

what is the nerve supply of the salivary glands

A

glossopharyngeal -cn9

and facial -cn7

53
Q

where do the SLG empty into

A

into the papillae, either side of the tongue frenulum

54
Q

where is the parotid gland

A

in the investing layer of fascia
between the mandibular ramus and sternocleidomastoid, inferior to the auricle over the styloid process
overlaps masseter

55
Q

where does the parotid gland empty

A

2nd upper molar

56
Q

what is the function of the soft palate

A

separates the naso and oro pharynx during swallowing

stops food from falling into the pharynx or larynx during mastication

57
Q

what muscles make up the soft palate

A

aponeurosis of tensor palati

levator palati inserts from above

58
Q

where is the palatine tonsil

A

between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
(formed by palatoglossus muscle and palatopharyngeas )

glossopharyngeal

59
Q

where is levator palati found

A

the apex of the petrous temporal bone and from the cartilage of the auditory tube
inserts into the upper aspect of the palatine aponeurosis

60
Q

what nerve supplies tensor palati

A

nerve to medial pterygoid from V3

61
Q

what nerve supplies levator palati

A

vagus via the pharyngeal plexus

62
Q

which muscles attach to the auditory tube

A

levator and tensor palati- swallowing opens the auditory tube

63
Q

what nerve supplies the palate

A

greater and lesser palatine branches of the maxillary nerve

64
Q

what nerve supplies the tonsils

A

glossopharyngeal

65
Q

what is the function of the uvula

A

receives the musculus uvulae and closes off the oropharynx. Responsible for the gag reflex.

66
Q

how is the oropharyngeal isthmus closed during mastication

A

palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus contract and the tongue is bought upwards

67
Q

how many teeth are there in an adult

A 
8 per quarter
3 molars
2 premolars
1 canine
2 incisors
68
Q

how many teeth do babies have

A

1 incisor, 2 canines, 2 molars

69
Q

what nerve supplies the upper teeth

A

alveolar/ dental branches of the maxillary nerve (v2) that also supply the maxillary sinus

70
Q

what nerve supplies the lower teeth

A

the inferior alveolar (dental) branch of v3

71
Q

where is the salphingopharyngeal fold?

A

behind the soft palate

72
Q

which muscles elevate the pharynx and larynx

A

salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, stylohyoid

73
Q

where in the pharynx may foreign bodies get stuck

A

piriform fossa

74
Q

where is the palatine tonsil

A

anterior to the palatopharyngeal fold of palatopharyngeus

75
Q

where is the lingual tonsil

A

in the pharyngeal part of the tongue

76
Q

where is the piriform fossa

A

between the quadrangular membrane of the larynx and the side wall of the pharynx

77
Q

where is the laryngeal inlet

A

between the aryepiglotic folds

78
Q

what is the purpose of the pharyngobasilar fascia

A

provides attachment for the constrictors and holds open the nasopharynx

79
Q

what is the purpose of the constrictor and elevator muscles

A

constrictors push the bolus towards the oesophagus

elavators lift up the pharynx to receive the bolus

80
Q

where does the stylohyoid ligament attach

A

lesser horn of hyoid

styloid process on the temporal bone

81
Q

where does levator palati attach

A

apex of the petrous temporal bone

82
Q

where does the pharyngobasilar fascia attach

A

cartilage of the auditory tube, medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid, pharyngeal tubercle (raphe)

83
Q

where does pain in the oropharynx refer to

A

middle ear due to the glossopharyngeal nerve

84
Q

the oropharynx, palatine tonsil, inf aspect of the soft palate and posterior tongue are supplied by what nerve

A

glossopharyngeal (9)

85
Q

what sensory nerve supplies the laryngopharynx, vallecula and epiglottis

A

vagus -10

86
Q

what sensory nerves supply the soft palate

A

combination of v2 and 9

87
Q

what is the parasympathetic secretomotor supply of the pharynx

A

vagus and facial nerves

88
Q

what nerve supplies the muscles of the pharynx

A

vagus except stylopharyngeus which is 9

89
Q

where is the pharyngeal plexus

A

the external pharyngeal wall. includes 9, 10 and cervical sympathetics

90
Q

what nerves supply the gag reflex

A

afferent 9

efferent 10

91
Q

where is the pharyngeal reces

A

behind the auditory tube

92
Q

what is the blood supply to the palatine tonsil

A

the tonsillar branch of facial (prone to haemorrhage)

93
Q

what is the blood supply to the upper pharynx

A

branches of the external carotid artery

94
Q

what is the blood supply to the lower pharynx

A

branches of the inferior thyroid branch of thyrocervical from subclavian

95
Q

what is the venous drainage of the pharynx

A

pterygoid plexus

facial and internal jugular veins

96
Q

what is the lymph drainage of the pharynx

A

retropharyngeal, paratracheal and infrahyoid nodes which drain to the deep cervical nodes

97
Q

what node does the palatine tonsil drain to

A

jugulodigastric node which is palpable if inflammed

98
Q

where does salpingopharynx attach

A

cartilage of the auditory tube

99
Q

what is the function of salpingopharynx

A

elevates the larynx and pharynx and opens the auditory tube during swallowing for pressure equalisation

100
Q

what nerve supplies salpingopharynx

A

vagus

101
Q

what are the pillars of fauces

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches with the palatine tonsils inbetween

102
Q

what are tonsils

A

clusters of lymphocytes around an invagination of epithelium aka a crypt

103
Q

where is the adenoid tonsil aka pharyngeal

A

the roof of the nasopharynx

104
Q

where is the tubal tonsil

A

at the opening of the auditory tube

105
Q

where is the vallecula

A

between the tongue and epiglottis

106
Q

what is passavant’s ridge

A

a muscular ring derived from sup constrictor or palatopharyngeus
it provides a socket for the soft palate when it is elevated
supplied by vagus

107
Q

what are the 3 layers of the pharynx

A

1 pharyngobasilar fascia,
2 sup and middle constrictors
3 sup, middle and inf constrictors

lower down only the middle and inf constrictors remain

108
Q

where might there be a dehiscence of Killian

A

just above the cricopharyngeal sphincter

a pharyngeal diverticulum may occur, particularly in cricopharyngeal uncoordination

109
Q

what is the function of palatopharyngeus

A

elevates the pharynx and larynx, draws the soft palate downwards and palatopharynngeal arch towards the midline to help palatoglossus (the pillars of fauces) seperates the oral cavity from the pharynx

110
Q

where is stylopharyngeus

A

styloid process to between the middle and superior constrictors and fans into the internal pharyngeal surface

supplied to glossopharyngeal 9

111
Q

where is salpingopharyngeus

A

descends into the pharynx from the cartilage of the auditory tube

112
Q

what is the function of salpingopharyngeus

A

elevates the pharynx and larynx
opens the auditory tube during swallowing
vagus nerve 10

113
Q

if a catheter intended for the auditory tube misses and enters the pharyngeal recess what could it hit

A

internal carotid artery

114
Q

what artery supplies the palatine tonsil

A

tonsillar branch of facial which is prone to haemorrhage

115
Q

what is the blood supply to the upper pharynx

A

branches of external carotid

116
Q

what does the mandibular foramen transmit

A

inferior dental/alveolar neurovascular bundle

117
Q

what structures cause indentations in the oesophagus

A

upper oesophageal spincter (cricopharyngeal), arch of aorta, LMB, left atrium and oesophageal hiatus

118
Q

what type of epithelium lines the oesophagus

A

non keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

at the Z line it becomes the same as the stomach

119
Q

where does the lower oesophagus drain to

A

portal vein

middle is azygous

120
Q

what is the origin of the inferior constrictor muscle

A

thyroid cartilage

121
Q

where is the cricopharyngeal sphincter

A

lower ending of the pharynx

122
Q

what is the difference between the styloid and mastoid processes

A

styloid is anterior and pointier

mastoid is posterior and blunter and larger

MD3002 (56 decks)

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