food allergy and intolerance Flashcards
what can mediate food allergies
IgE or T cell
IgE is quicker
what allergies are common in adults
fish, shellfish, peanuts
what are common allergies for children
cows milk, egg white, wheat and soy
what are the symptoms of acute hypersensitivity
urticarial (histamine is released under the skin) tissue swelling
vomiting
diarrhoea
eczema
rhinitis
asthma
food sensitive enteropathy (T cell mediated) e.g. coeliac
what are the symptoms of food intolerance
migraine IBS Chinese restaurant syndrome due to flavour enhancers bloating phenylketonuria
what patients should be given nutritional support
malnourished patients
those not expected to eat for 5 days
patients who can’t eat enough
what is the basis of refeeding syndrome
insulin causes cellular uptake of electrolytes
plus fluid overload
what should you do for patients who have not eaten for 4 days or more
no more than 50% of energy requirements
under what conditions should you give more protein
catabolic conditions such as burns
why are vitamins higher in parenteral administration
disease usually means they need more
why might you give fewer electrolytes paraenterally
increased bioavailability
what does PEG stand for
percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy
how can enteral nutrition be administered
PEG
fine bore NG tube
needle catheter jejunostomy
how much of energy should be from carbs
50%
how much energy should be from fat
30%
