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MD3002 > GI tract motility > Flashcards

GI tract motility Flashcards

1
Q

what is the inner smooth muscle layer of the stomach

A

oblique

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2
Q

what is the middle smooth muscle layer of the stomach

A

circular

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3
Q

what is the outer smooth muscle layer of the stomach

A

longitudinal

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4
Q

where does the muscle wall thickness increase

A

proximal to distal

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5
Q

where do contractions happen to mix food and propel it to the small intestine

A

caudad region

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6
Q

what are the 3 layers of the stomach wall

A

serosa
muscularis externa
rugae of mucosa

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7
Q

how does the PSNS affect the stomach

A

increases muscle contractions and secretion

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8
Q

what is the parasymp supply to the stomach

A

vagus

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9
Q

what is the symp supply to the stomach

A

coeliac ganglion

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10
Q

where are the sensory afferent fibres to the stomach

A

between the sensory receptors and the ENS and centrally via the vagal and splanchnic nerves

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11
Q

what are the orad and caudad regions of the stomach

A

orad- towards the mouth

caudad- towards the feet

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12
Q

what does distension of the lower oesophagus induce

A

relaxation of the lower oesophageal spincter and orad

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13
Q

what afferent information is relayed from the stomach

A

mechanoreceptors associated with chewing and distension

via sensory neurones

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14
Q

what neurotransmitter causes orad relaxation when released from post gangionic peptidergic vagal neurones

A

vasoactive intestinal peptide

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15
Q

how does the caudad contract

A

contraction waves begin in the middle and move towards the pylorus

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16
Q

what is retropulsion

A

moving the gastric contents up for further mixing

17
Q

describe slow waves

A

generated by the interstitial cells of Cajal

when slow waves reach a certain potential then then L type ca channels open and contraction can occur

18
Q

what stimulates action potentials in slow waves

A

stretch
ach
parasympathetics

19
Q

what stimulates hyperpolarisation of smooth muscle

A

norepinephrine

sympathetics

20
Q

how does the para and sympa NS innervate the stomach

A

sympa - coeliac ganglion

para- vagua

21
Q

where is the submucosal plexus

A

between the muscularis mucosa and the submucosa

22
Q

where is the myenteric plexus

A

between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers

23
Q

what is the vagovagal reflex

A

controls relaxation of the stomach in response to food

24
Q

what are the three movement patterns in the stomach

A

propulsion
grinding
retropulsion

25
Q

what factors increase action potential frequency from slow waves

A

Parasympathetic stimulation, gastrin and motilin

26
Q

what factors decrease action potential frequency from slow waves

A

Sympathetic stimulation and secretin

27
Q

what hormone mediates migrating myoelectric complexes

A

motilin

28
Q

what is the frequency of slow waves in the ileum

A

9 per minute

29
Q

how often do MMCs happen

A

every 90 minutes to clear the small intestine of chyme

30
Q

what hormones stimulate orad contraction

A

ACh and substance P

31
Q

what substances control caudad contration

A

VIP nitric oxide

32
Q

what muscle is found in the large intestine

A

circular and longitudinal (tenia coli)

33
Q

what do pelvic nerves do to the distal colon

A

stimulate expulsive contrations

34
Q

how many times a day do mass movements of the large intestine occur

A

1-3 times

final movement propels faeces into the rectum

35
Q

what reflexes cause mass movements

A

gastrocolic and duodenocolic

this is because food further up the tract increases movement in the colon

36
Q

what do CCK and gastrin do in the gastrocolic reflex

A

efferent limb of reflex

37
Q

what is the rectosphincteric reflex

A

the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter

MD3002 (56 decks)

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