anti helminthics

Question 1

what type of helminth are ascaris and hook worm

Answer 1

intestinal nematodes (round worm)

Question 2

what are the two types of cestode

Answer 2

taenia and echinococcus (tapeworm)

Question 3

what are the 3 types of trematodes (fluke)

Answer 3

lung, liver and blood

schistosoma

Question 4

how is ascaris (nematode) transmitted

Answer 4

faecal oral

Question 5

how is schistosomiasis transmitted (trematode/ fluke)

Answer 5

direct invasion

Question 6

how is filariasis transmitted (roundworm/ nematode)

Answer 6

aedes mosquito

Question 7

how is onchocerciasis transmitted (roundworm/ nematode)

Answer 7

flies

Question 8

how is schistosomiasis (bilharzia/ trematode) transmitted

Answer 8

snails

Question 9

what helminth is responsible for river blindness

Answer 9

onchocerciasis (nematode)

Question 10

what is taenia solium

Answer 10

tapeworm (cestode)

Question 11

what is filariasis

Answer 11

round worm (nematode) transmitted by mosquito
causes elaphantitis

Question 12

what is the disease process in filariasis (nematode)

Answer 12

causes acute lymphodema
then repeated cycles of inflammation and bacterial infections
then elephantiasis

Question 13

what pathogens cause inflammation

Answer 13

filariasis (nematode)
onchocerciasis (nematode)
schistosomiasis (trematode)

Question 14

what pathogens compete for nutrients

Answer 14

hookworm (nematode)
ascaris (nematode)
tapeworm (cestode)
trichiuris (nematode)

Question 15

what is trichuris (nematode)

Answer 15

whip worm 
abdo symptoms
growth retardation and intellectual retardation 
anaemia and blood loss 
malnutrition

Question 16

what are the features of hook worm (nematode)

Answer 16

anaemia and abdo pain

Question 17

what are the features of ascaris

Answer 17

abdo pain
intestinal obstruction
jaundice due to bile obstruciton

Question 18

what does cystercosis (tapeworm, taenia solium) cause

Answer 18

CSF obstruction

Question 19

where might schistomes cause fibrosis

Answer 19

lungs, liver, bladder

leading to rt heart failure, portal hypertension and bladder cancer

Question 20

how can helminths be treated

Answer 20

depending on the pathogenesis

e.g. inflammation- steroids
support nutrition
surgery

Question 21

how are cestodes/ tapeworms treated

Answer 21

praziquantel

Question 22

how are nematodes/ roundworms usually treated

Answer 22

albendazole

Question 23

how does praziquantel work

Answer 23

increases calcium permeability to treat cestodes/ tapeworms

Question 24

how do you treat hydatid disease (cestode)

Answer 24

praziquantel or albendazole

Question 25

how do you treat cysticercosis (cestode)

Answer 25

praziquantel

Question 26

how do you treat schistosomiasis (trematode/ fluke)

Answer 26

praziquantel

Question 27

how is ascariaisis (nematode) treated

Answer 27

albendazole

Question 28

what is giardiasis

Answer 28

caused by protozoa

diarrhoea, weakness

Question 29

how is giardiasis (flagelated protozoan) treated

Answer 29

albendazole

Question 30

how does albendazole work

Answer 30

binds to tubulin

prevents glucose uptake

Question 31

what medicine may be teratogenic

Answer 31

albendazole

Question 32

what is piperazine used to treat

Answer 32

ascariasis

Question 33

what is pyrantel used to treat

Answer 33

hookworms and round worms

Question 34

how does pyrantel work

Answer 34

depolarising NM blockade

Question 35

what is levamisole for

Answer 35

ascariasis

Question 36

what is diethyl carbamazine

Answer 36

piperazine derivative for filariasis

Question 37

what is ivermectin for

Answer 37

filariasis, lice, scabies, bed bugs

Question 38

what is niclosamide for

Answer 38

tapeworm