revision questions

Question 1

what proportion of hernias are sliding

Answer 1

80%

where the gastro oesophageal junction slides into the chest

Question 2

what are the features of hiatus hernias

Answer 2

best diagnosed with a barium swallow

associated with obesity

Question 3

what causes gastro oesophageal reflux disease

Answer 3

decreased sphincter tone
heart burn
can cause barrets oesophagus

Question 4

what does the absence of bilirubin in the urine but present of jaundice indicate

Answer 4

haemolytic jaundice
gilbert’s
as there is unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia but normal conjugated bilirubin

Question 5

what is enzyme is an indicator of pancreatitis

Answer 5

amylase

Question 6

what two structures form the inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 6

superior hypogastric plexus (sympathetic) and the pelvic splanchnic nerves (parasympathetic)

Question 7

where does the superior hypogastric plexus receive its innervation

Answer 7

lumbar splanchnics

Question 8

where do the anococcygeal nerves come from

Answer 8

coccygeal plexus

Question 9

what is the root value of the lumbosacral plexus

Answer 9

L4 and 5

Question 10

what supplies the LL adductor muscles

Answer 10

obturator

Question 11

where should the Z line be

Answer 11

40-43 cm from the incisors