5/17

Question 1

which layer has the parietal cells in the stomach

Answer 1

upper glandular layer

Question 2

triptans MOA

Answer 2

serotonin 5HT IB and ID agonists

Question 3

which murmur increases with inspiration

Answer 3

tricuspid regurgitation

Question 4

how does desmopressin help bleeding

Answer 4

increases factor VIII and vWF

Question 5

thamine used for which enzymes

Answer 5

• pyruvate dehdrogenase
• alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
• transketolase (PPP)
• branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase

Question 6

involuntary head bobbing a sign of…

Answer 6

widened pulse pressure

Question 7

which cancer associated with “dry tap” (unsuccessful bone marrow aspiration)

Answer 7

hairy cell leukemia (bm fibrosis)

Question 8

what would parortid tumor compress

Answer 8

CN VII

Question 9

how does crohns lead to oxalate stones

Answer 9

impaired bile absorption in ileum–> fat malabsorption –> calcium binds lipids instead of oxalate–> free oxalate gets absorbed and excreted renally

Question 10

liver function tests

Answer 10

• albumin
• bilirubin
• PT

reflects prognosis in cirrhosis

Question 11

cleft lip develops from…

Answer 11

when the maxillary prominence fails to fuse with the intermaxillary segment during 5-6th week of development

Question 12

whats a serious complication of the recovery phase of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 12

hypokalemia due to high volume diuresis

Question 13

conjugate vaccine

Answer 13

polysaccharide vaccine conjugated to protein so infants (that cant yet do humoral response) can develop robust T cell response

Question 14

most abundant amino acid in collagen

Answer 14

glycine (every 3rd aa)

Question 15

why are gallstones prevalent in pregnancy

Answer 15

estrogen upregulates HMG-CoA reducatase–> cholesterol synthesis

progesterone slows gallbladder empyting

Question 16

most susceptible parts to hypoxia in nephron

Answer 16

PT and TAL in medulla

Question 17

biochem pathways in mitochondria

Answer 17

beta oxidation
CAC
carboxylation of pyruvate (for gluconeo)

Question 18

biochem pathways in cytosol

Answer 18

glycolysis
PPP
fatty acid synthesis

Question 19

most likely cause of death in CF

Answer 19

pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cor pulmonale

Question 20

meconium ileus presentation

Answer 20

distal small bowel obstruction (green mass in ileum)

bilous emesis

leads to CF

Question 21

nerve that is risk of injury in thyroidectomy and the muscle it innervates

Answer 21

superior layngeal nerve- stimulates cricothyroid

Question 22

where is K mostly reabsorbed in nephron

Answer 22

proximal tubule, then TAL, then secreted in DT

Question 23

most common spot for nose bleed

Answer 23

nasal septum (kiesselbach plexus)

Question 24

severe dangerous nosebleeds that cant be treated with cautery come from where

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

which two places are innervated by sympathetic cholinergic neurons

Answer 25

sweat eccrine glands adrenal medulla

Question 26

most common cause of death by TCA ODs

Answer 26

cardiac arrhythmia (inhibit fast Na channels in cardiac myocytes)

Question 27

which disease has pectus excavatum

Answer 27

marfans

Question 28

associated cancers with TP53

Answer 28

``` sarcomas breast cancer brain tumors leukemia adrenocortical carcinoma ```

Question 29

dopamine at high doses vs low doses

Answer 29

low dose- D1- increased renal blood flow and GFR high dose- beta 1 (contractility), even higher dose- alpha 1 (vasocontriction)