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5/4 Flashcards

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1
Q

where do elastases in lung come from?

A

macropahge lysosomes and neutrophil granules

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2
Q

lesions of macula cause

A

central scotomas- localized visual defect

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3
Q

antibodies of pregnant mother if she is A/B or O

A

A/B- IgM antibodies- cant cross placenta

O- IgG cross placenta- even in first pregnancy

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4
Q

where is ADH made?

A

paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus

if damaged –> permanent central diabetes insipidus

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5
Q

antidote to beta blocker OD and MOA

A

glucagon

increases cAMP in cardiac myocytes–> increase in intracellular calcium –> increase HR and contractility

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6
Q

inheritance pattern of Hungtinton

A

aut dominant

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7
Q

inheritance pattern of classic galactosemia

A

aut rec

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8
Q

inheritance pattern of leber hereditary optic neuropathy

A

mitochondrial

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9
Q

inheritance pattern of hemophilia B

A

x linked rec

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10
Q

bronchial obstruction findings on x-ray

A

unilateral pulm opacification

deviated trachea towards affected lung

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11
Q

what is the most common cancer cause of mortality in both men and women

A

lung cancer

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12
Q

drug of choice in bulimia

and drug contradinidicated in bulimia

A

DOC: fluoxetine

contra: buproprion

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13
Q

which insulin is preferred to treat diabetic ketoacidosis?

A

regular insulin

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14
Q

brown pigment gallstones due to…

A

infection (eg. clonorchis sinensis, e coli) of biliary tract

release beta glucuronidase by injured hepatocytes and bacteria –> increases unconjugated bilirubin

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15
Q

AV node location

A

endocardial surface of right atrium

near septal leaflet of tricuspid valve and orifice of coronary sinus

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16
Q

arteriovenous concentration gradient reflects…

A

tissue solubility

higher the gradient, the greater the solubility, and the slower of onset of action at the tissues

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17
Q

peroneal nerve injury effects

A

dorsiflexion of foot

eversion of foot

sensory on dorsal part of foot and between 1st and 2nd toes

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18
Q

where is there no hypernatremia in primary hyperaldosterinism?

A

aldosterone escape- increase in renal blood flow–> increase ANP - limits Na retention

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19
Q

desmopressin activities and Rx in vasculature

A

enhances vWF (vWF disease) and factor VIII (hemophilia A)

dont confuse with vasopressin actions at V1- vascular smooth muscle contraction

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20
Q

treat mycobacterium avium when CD4<50

A

azithromycin

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21
Q

where does ADH act in the renal tubules?

Study These Flashcards
A

medullary portion of collecting duct

22
Q

causes of intrassuception in under versus over 2 year olds

Study These Flashcards
A

under- structural (sometimes virus)

over- meckel diverticulum, foreign body, tumor

near ileocecal valve

23
Q

sickle cell anemia effect on spleen

Study These Flashcards
A

microvascular occlusion by sickled RBCs- trapped by rigid splenic cords

repeat infarcts –> fibrosis and atrophy

24
Q

enzyme used in TG metabolism during diabetic ketoacidosis to make glucose

Study These Flashcards
A

glycerol kinase

25
KRAS
protooncogene
26
location of pilocytic astrocytoma and medulloblastoma
cerebellum
27
21 hydroxylase converts what to what
progesterone to 11-deoxycorticosterone
28
cryptogenic stroke
"bubbly study" right to left intracardiac shunt associated with patent foramen ovale and ASD
29
patent foramen ovale
incomplete closure of septum primum and septum secundum normally fine because LA pressure greater than RA but valsalva maneuver or hypercoagulability can increase RA pressure leading to a paradoxical brain embolism or venous thrombosis
30
at what stage of lungs does cilia end?
respiratory bronchioles outlast cartilage, goblet cells, mucous glands (which end at bronchi)
31
what is the cause of tetralogy of fallot?
anterior and cephalad deviation of infundibular system during embryo development due to abnormal neural crest migration
32
how do inactivated vaccines work?
neutralize virus, preventing entry into cells (humoral immunity) versus live attenuated, cell-mediated immunity using memory
33
if infant comes in with constipation and narrow section of colon, what should you do?
biopsy submucosa looking for hirschprung (no myenteric or meissner plexus)
34
what develops in old lung cavities?
fungus ball- aspergillis
35
why would someone who receives transfusion become hypocalcemic?
packed RBCs contain citrate (substance added to stored blood for anticoagulation) can chelate calcium and Mg
36
what main artery is near third part of duodenum?
superior mesenteric artery
37
what is immediate and long term treatment of panic disorder?
immediate: benzos long-term: SSRIs/SNRI/CBT
38
how is congenital toxoplasmosis acquired?
in utero via placenta
39
familial erythrocytosis
mutation of binding 2,3BPG to beta units of HbA, which normally allows O2 to leave Hb and enter the peripheral tissues, so instead they have a higher O2 affinity resembles fetal hemoglobin which also doesnt bind 2,3BPG well so that they an steal the oxygen from the mama
40
acute intermittent pophyria
aut dom- porphobilinogen deaminase deficiency GI and peripheral neuropathy and neuropsych and reddish urine treat- IV glucose or heme to downregulate ALA synthase
41
what type of mutation is it if the DNA sample is shortened by a number not divisible by 3?
frameshift mutation
42
side effect of loop diuretics
hearing loss | hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia
43
which class of antiarrythmics prolong AP and inhibit phase 0 depolarization
class 1A
44
which class of antiarrythmics strongly inhibit phase 0 depolarization but dont have an effect on AP duration
class 1c
45
which class of antiarrythmics weakly inhibit phase 0 depolarization and shorten AP duration?
Class 1B
46
which growth factors stimulate angiogenesis?
VEGF and FGF
47
type of inheritance of androgenetic alopecia
polygenic! depends on both hormones and genes key sites: short arm of chromosome 20, and X and Y chromosomes so can be aut dominant or x-linked rec
48
which nerve carries pain fibers from mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura?
phrenic nerve
49
CO formula, according to Fick principle
CO= rate of O2 consumption/ arteriovenous O2 content difference
50
Reid index
ratio of thickness of mucous gland layer in submucosa/ layer of thickness from the epithelium to before the cartilage above 40% -- severe chronic bronchitis

Wrongs (36 decks)

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