6/1 Flashcards
(53 cards)
half life equation in first order kinetics
0.7 (Vd) / CL
loading dose equation
(Cp x Vd) / F
maintenance dose equation
(Cp x CL X dosage interval) / F
Cp is target plasma con
JVP waves
a- RA contraction (absent in afib)
c- RV contraction
x descent- atrial relax and close tricuspid (absent in tricuspid regurgitation)
v - RA filling
y descent- RA empting (absent in cardiac tamponade, prominent in constrictive pericarditis)
which murmurs intensify with handgrip maneuver?
(increase afterload)
MR, AR, VSD
which murmurs intensify with valsalva
MVP
HOCM
which murmurs intensify with squatting
AS
what situations does pulse pressure increase
hyperthryroidism AR aortic stiffening obstructive sleep apnea exercise
what situations does pulse pressure decrease
Aortic stenosis
cardiogenic shock
HF
what can BNP blood test diagnose
HF
complications in first 24 hours of MI
ventricular arrythmia
HF
cardiogenic shock
when can various ruptures happen after MI
papillary muscle- 2-7 days
interventricular septum- 3-5 days
ventricular psuedoaneurysm (contained free wall rupture)- 3-14 days
free wall rupture- 5-14 days
when is pulsus paradoxus seen
cardiac tamponade pericarditis croup asthma obstructive sleep apnea
kussmaul sign
increase in JVP on inspiration (normally decrease)
seen in: (impaired RV filling)
constrictive pericardiits
restrictive cardiomyopathies
RA or RV tumors
what organ does polyarteritis nodosa spare
lung!
Tuberculoid vs lepramatous forms of leprosy
T: Th1 response- activated macrophages- localized inflamm - hypopigmented plaques with decreased sensation
L: Th2- w/in inactivated macropages- disseminated- widespread plaques, leonine face, loss of nose/fingers
which tests deciphers between two types of leprosy
lepromin skin test
T: indurated nodule at site of injection
L: nonreactive because weak Th1
radial head subluxation
most common elbow injury in kids by age 4
annular ligament tears from radial neck and gets trapped in radialhumeral joint
arm at side pronated; pain upon moving
chronic mesenteric ischemia
atherosclerosis of mesenteric arteries
–> ischemia –> pain after meals
hydrocephalus ex-vacuo
central neuronal loss/atrophy–> ventricles expand
normal CSF pressure
ex. AID dementia
young patient with multiple DVTs and a normal PTT, think…
Factor V Leiden mutation- hypercoagulable state by protein C resistance
if it was elevated PTT, think antiphospholipid syndrome
pathogenesis of polymyositis
over-expression of MHC class I on sarcolemma–> CD8 infiltration —> damage
what do you need to know to amplify segment in PCR?
primers of areas flanking target region
malignant hyperthermia
hypersensitivity of skeletal muscles to inahled anesthetics and succinylcholine (think: fever and rigid after surgery)
due to aut dom defect of Ryr- release abnormal large amounts of Ca
treat: dantrolene- muscle relaxant that acts on Ryr
